Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy, 1824-1840
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Deference
| the yielding of opinion to the judgment of someone else.
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Denominations
| in American religion, the major branches of Christianity, organized into distinct church structures, e.g., Presbyterians, Baptists, Disciples of Christ, etc.
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divine right
| the belief that government or rulers are directly established by God.
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Evangelical
| in American religion, those believers and groups, usually Protestant, who emphasize personal salvation, individual conversion experiences, voluntary commitment, and the authority of Scripture.
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favorite sons
| in American politics, presidential candidates who are nominated by their own state, primarily out of local loyalty.
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hard money
| metal money or coins, as distinguished from paper money. Reliable or secure money; specie.
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Machine
| a hierarchical political organization, often controlled through patronage or spoils, where professional workers deliver large blocs of voters to preferred candidates.
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Mudslinging
| malicious, unscrupulous attacks against an opponent.
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Nullification
| refusal by a state to recognize or enforce a federal law within its boundaries.
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Plurality
| in an election with three or more candidates, the number of votes received by the winner when the winner receives less than half of the total number of votes cast.
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Populist
| a political program or style focused on the common people, and attacking perspectives and policies associated with the well-off, well-born, or well-educated.
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Spoils
| public offices given as a reward for political support.
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Temperance
| campaigns for voluntary commitment to moderation or total abstinence in the consumption of liquor. (Prohibition involved instead forcible legal bans on the production or consumption of alcohol.)
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Usurpation
| the act of seizing, occupying, or enjoying the place, power, or functions of someone without legal right. |
