You should be able to do each of the following by the conclusion of Chapter 8.

1. Distinguish substance-related disorders from substance abuse from substance dependence, and define the terms tolerance, withdrawal, and intoxication. Discuss the overlap in criteria for dependence and abuse. (pp. 191-194)
   
   
2. Categorize the psychoactive drugs according to their properties (sedative, stimulant or hallucinogenic). (p. 192)
   
   
3. Discuss the nature and magnitude of drinking problems in the United States and the short and long-term physiological and psychological effects of alcohol. (pp. 194-199)
   
   
4. Describe the effects of narcotics, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines. Define polysubstance dependence and explain why it causes special problems. (pp. 199-200)
   
   
5. Describe and discuss the problems of stimulant-use disorders, including amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and crack. (pp. 200-203)
   
   
6. Describe and discuss the problems of hallucinogen-use disorders, including marijuana, LSD, and phencyclidine (PCP). (pp. 203-204)
   
   
7. Describe the two general types of etiological theories of substance-related disorders. Describe and evaluate the evidence for specific genes and risk factors related to alcoholism and other forms of substance dependence. (pp. 204-206)
   
   
8. Describe and discuss the various explanations for alcoholism and other substance-related disorders, including psychodynamic, personality, and sociocultural explanations. (pp. 206-208)
   
   
9. Describe and discuss behavioral explanations for alcohol abuse and dependence, including the anxiety-reduction hypothesis, learned expectations, and cognitive influences. (pp. 208-209)
   
   
10. Discuss explanations for relapse among alcoholics and people who are dependent on other substances. (pp. 209-210)
    
    
11. Describe the nature and effectiveness of alcohol and drug treatment programs, including self-help groups, and pharmacological approaches to substance-use treatment. (pp. 210-212)
    
    
12. Describe and compare the cognitive and behavioral approaches to treating substance-related disorders, including aversion therapy, covert sensitization, rapid smoking, nicotine fading, relaxation and social learning methods, and cognitive-change treatments. (pp. 212-215)
    
    
13. Discuss what is meant by multimodal treatment. Describe and evaluate the evidence concerning treatment effectiveness for alcohol, smoking cessation, and other substance-related disorders. (pp. 215-217)