You should be able to do each of the following by the conclusion of Chapter 1.

1. Identify and distinguish between the various kinds of mental health professionals. (p. 4, 1.1)
   
   
2. Discuss the concepts of deviance, discomfort and dysfunction. (pp. 4-7)
   
   
3. Describe the multicultural perspectives in defining abnormal behavior including definitions of the terms cultural universality and cultural relativism. (pp. 7-9)
   
   
4. Describe various research strategies used in the study of abnormal behavior, including epidemiological research. Differentiate between prevalence and incidence. (pp. 9-10)
   
   
5. Discuss how researchers determine the scope of mental disorders in the United States. (p. 10)
   
   
6. Describe the most prevalent disorders and how mental disorders are influenced by age and gender. (pp. 10-12; Figure 1.3)
   
   
7. Summarize the various explanations of abnormal behavior from prehistoric times through the Middle Ages. (pp. 13-15)
   
   
8. Describe the changes that occurred in the conceptualization and treatment of abnormal behavior after the era of witchcraft, including the rise of humanism and the reform movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries until the present. (pp. 15-16)
   
   
9. Discuss the main assumptions of the biological and psychological viewpoints on perceptions of abnormal behavior. (pp. 17-19)
   
   
10. Discuss the rise of multicultural psychology, and explain how social conditioning, cultural values, and sociopolitical influences may account for apparent differences in abnormality in minority groups. (pp. 19-21)
    
    
11. Discuss the characteristics of the scientific method in clinical research, including the proper stating of hypotheses, operational definitions, and the need for reliable and valid measures and observations. (pp. 21-22)
    
    
12. Identify the components of a basic experiment, and describe the need for placebos, blind and double-blind research designs. (pp. 22-24)
    
    
13. Discuss the characteristics of correlational studies and their strengths and limitations, specifically their ambiguous conclusions with respect to causality. (pp. 24-25)
    
    
14. Describe analogue and field studies, and discuss their strengths and limitations. (p. 25)
    
    
15. Define the nomothetic and idiographic orientations toward research. Discuss the characteristics and limitations of case studies and single-participant experiment designs. (pp. 25-26)
    
    
16. Discuss the biological research strategies, including genetic linkage studies, biological markers. (p. 26)
    
    
17. Discuss the ethical issues in conducting research and the American Psychological Association’s guiding principles on ethics, including the use of animals, and research with culturally diverse populations. (pp. 26-27)
    
    
18. Explain the term biopsychosocial approach and its use in conceptualizing the multiple factors underlying abnormal behavior. (p. 28)