1. Define self and compare and contrast objective and subjective self.
   
   
2. Describe patterns observed in the development of self-recognition and self-definition in children.
   
   
3. Describe how social comparison influences the self-concept in the developing child.
   
   
4. Describe the developing child's understanding of his or her sense of agency and the factors that lead to a sense of mastery and learned helplessness.
   
   
5. Identify various ways to prevent learned helplessness.
   
   
6. Describe the development of the child's understanding of himself or herself as a unique individual with stable characteristics as well as the ability to reflect on the self.
   
   
7. Describe the factors influencing the development of self-esteem or self-worth.
   
   
8. Describe the factors influencing a young person's identity and discuss whether or not an adolescent identity crisis occurs.
   
   
9. Define ethnic identity and discuss its relationship to self-esteem.
   
   
10. Define self-regulation and describe how it develops in infancy and early childhood.
    
    
11. Describe Vygotsky's view of the development of self-regulatory behavior and compare and contrast his view with programs that stress the role of attention.
    
    
12. Compare and contrast the basis for individual differences in self-control.
    
    
13. Define moral development and describe how various psychological theories have tried to explain moral development.
    
    
14. Describe Freud's view of moral development.
    
    
15. Describe the distinctive features of moral development as formulated by social learning theory.
    
    
16. Compare and contrast Piaget's and Kohlberg's theories of moral development and discuss the results of empirical research evaluating their theories.
    
    
17. Discuss Turiel's view of moral development as domain-specific knowledge and how cognitive-developmental theories relate to Freudian and social learning theories of moral development.
    
    
18. Define prosocial behaviors and altruism and discuss their development and relationship to empathy.
    
    
19. Discuss the relationship between childhood conduct disorders and empathy.
    
    
20. Discuss the development of reasoning associated with prosocial behavior.
    
    
21. Describe cross-cultural differences in altruism and moral reasoning that have been revealed by researchers and the role of socialization practices in promoting prosocial behavior.
    
    
22. Discuss the debate concerning the need to promote values in the public schools and the roles other social organizations may play in fostering moral development.