1. Define emotions, explain their function, and describe how they are measured.
   
   
2. Compare and contrast contemporary theoretical perspectives on emotion.
   
   
3. Discuss the infant's ability to express emotions by smiling, crying, and producing other facial expressions.
   
   
4. Describe the infant's ability to discriminate among emotional expressions in others.
   
   
5. Define social referencing and describe how emotional expression and recognition regulate the social interactions between infants and others.
   
   
6. List and describe the complex emotions that emerge after infancy and explain how children develop an understanding of them.
   
   
7. Summarize how children become more skilled at regulating their emotions.
   
   
8. Identify issues concerning emotions unique to adolescents.
   
   
9. Discuss concerns about adolescent depression and suicide.
   
   
10. Define temperament and compare and contrast different approaches to studying temperament.
    
    
11. Provide evidence for the biological bases of temperament.
    
    
12. Discuss gender and cross-cultural differences in children's emotions.
    
    
13. Define attachment and compare theories that have attempted to explain its emergence.
    
    
14. Summarize the emergence of attachment behaviors.
    
    
15. Describe Ainsworth's attachment classifications.
    
    
16. Discuss the factors that contribute to the occurrence of secure attachments including the role of mothers and fathers in its development.
    
    
17. Discuss the relationship between temperament and attachment and ways to promote secure attachment in irritable infants.
    
    
18. Identify how secure attachment contributes to social development throughout childhood and adulthood.
    
    
19. Summarize cross-cultural differences in attachment and the relationship between various kinds of child care and attachment.
    
    
20. Discuss the effects of prematurity, adoption, and abuse on the attachment relationship.
    
    
21. Identify some of the consequences of early emotional experiences for brain development.