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Child Development - A Thematic Approach
, Fifth Edition
Danuta Bukatko - College of the Holy Cross
Marvin W. Daehler - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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| | Concept/Application Questions
Chapter 15:
Peers
- Irving and Craig are sophomores in the same high school. Although they know each other
and take some of the same classes, they do not spend much time together.
Most of their peers describe Irving and Craig as two of the "brains" of the school. Irving and Craig are members of the same
- clique.
- crowd.
- gang.
- link.
- Scott runs a large summer camp for boys. Two weeks into the camp season,
Scott learned that the boys had formed two groups with unique identities
and that the groups were not getting along. To reduce the possibility of increasing conflict, Scott should
- demand that the two groups share activities with each other.
- arrange for the two groups to participate in an organized series of competitive games.
- demand that the groups break up and form new groups for the remainder of
the summer.
- arrange for the two groups to participate in the building of a new playground near
the lake.
- Studies of peer group formation suggest that
- structured situations that encourage cooperation strengthen group identity.
- unsuccessful performance in competitive contests with other groups invariably
weakens intragroup identity.
- forcing rival groups to share activities reduces intergroup hostilities.
- participation in competitive contests usually weakens intergroup hostilities.
- Peer pressure
- as a phenomenon is accepted by the general public, but evidence suggests
that it is not a real phenomenon.
- begins prior to middle childhood and increases throughout late adolescence.
- to misbehave is the greatest pressure reported by adolescent children.
- toward misconduct becomes greater among older than younger adolescents.
- Which of the following children is Gary, an eleven-year-old boy, most likely
to imitate?
- Todd, a nine-year-old boy.
- Evan, a twelve-year-old boy.
- Janice, a nine-year-old girl.
- Kerry, a twelve-year-old girl.
- Jo Anne is very popular in her school. In a sociometric nomination study,
Jo Anne is most likely to receive
- more positive than negative nominations.
- a high number of positive and negative nominations.
- a high ranking of peer status by her teachers.
- a high ranking of peer status by a researcher making objective behavioral observations
of Jo Anne's social activities.
- Four preschoolers are discussing how they will play house. One of these children
is an unpopular child. Which of the following statements is most likely to come from the unpopular child?
- "I would rather be the baby than the daddy."
- "We can pretend that we are going out to dinner."
- "My mommy said that we are going to Disney World for our summer vacation."
- "I can wear my mom's high heels, so I'll pretend to be the mommy."
- All but which of the following are factors that may contribute to social
withdrawal in children?
- Parents who are authoritative in their child-rearing orientation.
- Failure to acquire effective skills for entering into groups.
- A biological temperament that predisposes the child to wariness and inhibitions when interacting with others.
- A preference for being by oneself that continues to be displayed as the child
becomes older.
- Eleanor and Earl have a seven-year-old son who can be described as unpopular. Studies of the parental influences on children's social competence suggest that
- Eleanor and Earl probably have a minimal influence on their child's social competence.
- Eleanor probably has a greater influence on her child's social competence than Earl does.
- Eleanor's behavior probably resembles her child's behavior.
- Eleanor's behavior is likely to be very different from her child's behavior.
- Victims of aggression may be helped by
- having them give in to the aggressor.
- suggesting that they stay away from other children.
- encouraging them to develop physical skills that indicate an ability to take care of themselves.
- asking them to remain quiet and ignore the threats of the aggressor so that
bullies will eventually lose interest in them.
- Larry became upset when his older brother suggested that Larry's best friend was Jennifer. Larry is most likely a
- preschooler.
- first-grader.
- fifth-grader.
- tenth-grader.
- The circle of friends that ten-year-old Annie has is likely to differ from
ten-year-old Kevin's by consisting of a _____________________ number of friends who share a common
interest in _____________________.
- larger; communication and personal interactions
- larger; group activities
- smaller; communication and personal interactions
- smaller; group activities
- Children's ideas about friendship change as they enter adolescence partly because
- they develop a concept of sharing.
- their conceptualization of their understanding of mutual sharing and self-disclosure
change.
- their conceptualization of identity has been resolved.
- of direct parental instruction.
- Correlational studies that have examined the function of friendship suggest that
- arguments are more likely to escalate among friends than among casual acquaintances.
- children who have close and intimate friendships are more likely to have
conflicts with family members.
- friendships play an important role in protecting children from anxiety and stress.
- friends provide surprisingly little support for a child's social and emotional development.
- Wendi and Amy are both playing with blocks. They are sitting next to each other and every
now and then look at what the other person is doing, but each are building
their own castle. What type of play pattern are Wendi and Amy showing?
- solitary.
- parallel.
- cooperative.
- social pretend play.
- Gary and George are engaging in a "mock fight"--they are chasing each other and pretending to fight. What should the playground
monitor do about this?
- break it, as this type of play usually results in a real fight occurring.
- not to worry about it, as "boys will be boys."
- encourage such play as it typically leads to more organized play.
- Consider the popularity status of both Gary and George before deciding to
intervene.
- "She's my friend because we both wear red sneakers." Who is most likely to make this statement?
- Sara, a three year old.
- Joe, a three year old.
- Equally likely to be Sara or Joe.
- No child is likely to base a friendship on shared apparel.
- Brianna is a rejected child, and Morgan is a popular child. They are in the
cafeteria, and as they are walking, they notice another child has his foot out to the side- if they are not careful, they could trip
over his foot. What are Brianna and Morgan likely to think?
- Brianna will interpret this as a deliberate attempt to trip her.
- Morgan will interpret this as a deliberate attempt to trip her.
- Both will interpret this as a deliberate attempt to trip them.
- Neither will interpret this as a deliberate attempt to trip them.
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