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Child Development - A Thematic Approach
, Fifth Edition
Danuta Bukatko - College of the Holy Cross
Marvin W. Daehler - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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| | Concept/Application Questions
Chapter 5:
Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development
- Kristie and Peter have been close friends since they were toddlers and are now celebrating their tenth birthday
together. Although they are equal in height and weight, it is likely that
for the next few years Kristie will
- be taller and heavier than Peter.
- be taller but not heavier than Peter.
- be shorter and less heavy than Peter.
- continue to grow at the same rate as Peter.
- Rachel was of normal size at birth but grew to be only four-and-a-half feet
tall. It is likely that Rachel's
- pituitary gland does not produce enough HGH.
- adrenal gland does not produce enough HGH.
- pituitary gland produces excess levels of HGH.
- adrenal gland produces excess levels of HGH.
- Studies of the effects of nutrition on the developing individual have indicated
that the nutritional environment
- if substantially inadequate may have negative influences on children's physical growth, but adequate nutrition has minimal positive influences.
- if adequate may have positive influences on children's physical growth, but if substantially inadequate it has surprisingly minimal
negative influences.
- may exert negative (if inadequate) or positive (if adequate) influences on children's physical growth.
- has little effect on children's physical growth, indicating the resilience of the developing child.
- The negative consequences of malnutrition for cognitive development
- are due primarily to the lack of specific nutritional elements such as vitamin
A or D.
- cannot be lessened by teaching parents to enrich caregiver-child interactions.
- may stem from a number of factors, including decreased motivation and opportunity
to explore the environment.
- are irreversible because of the loss of significant numbers of neurons.
- Nonorganic failure-to-thrive syndrome is
- probably initiated or further aggravated by the caregiver's interaction with the child.
- caused primarily by the child's genetic makeup.
- characterized by stunted growth in otherwise perfectly normal children.
- caused by endocrine or gastrointestinal illness in many cases.
- Leslie has always been extremely concerned about her weight. Now she is very thin and reports that she is no longer
having menstrual periods. Leslie is most likely suffering from
- bulimia nervosa.
- anorexia nervosa.
- cancer.
- failure-to-thrive syndrome.
- Luther is a newborn. His brain will increase in size over the next two years as a result of an increase in the
- number of neurons.
- size and complexity of neurons.
- size of glial cells.
- number and size of neurons.
- Marya, an excellent student, is often impressed by the amount of new information
that she can retain. This remarkable capability would not be possible were
it not for the brain's ability to be sensitive to
- critical periods.
- experience-expectant information.
- experience-dependent information.
- experience-independent information.
- _____________________ appear(s) to have contributed to a reduced incidence of sudden
infant death syndrome in many nations over the last decade.
- Improved nutrition, particularly vitamin and mineral supplements given to newborns and very young infants during the first
few months after birth,
- Additional opportunities to engage in nonnutritional sucking, such as with
a pacifier, and the decrease in ear infections that accompanies such activity
- Placing an infant on his or her back or side at bedtime in preparation for sleep
- A shift from breast feeding to bottle feeding in early infancy
- Cal is holding a pail with one hand and using the other hand to fill it with
sand. To perform this task, Cal must have developed
- neat pincer grasp.
- functional asymmetry.
- ballistic reaches.
- prereaching.
- Elissa is a toddler. She is likely to engage in play such as
- pulling and pushing things.
- coloring and drawing.
- cutting and pasting.
- sculpting with clay.
- Cross-cultural studies have found that
- children in many cultures achieve milestones at the same ages.
- children in all cultures achieve milestones in the same order and at the
same ages.
- children in many cultures achieve milestones at somewhat different ages.
- motor milestones are achieved at similar ages and in an inconsistent order
in many cultures.
- Sixteen-year-old Stuart broke his wrist when he fell off a bicycle. While
examining the x-rays of the broken wrist, the doctor noticed that a considerable
number of Stuart's bones had not yet ossified. This means that
- the injury was more serious than originally believed.
- Stuart has not yet reached full maturity.
- Stuart will probably be shorter than most children his age.
- Stuart is most likely suffering from a serious bone disorder.
- Although he is a college sophomore, Jason frequently displays childish, attention-getting behavior, which often disrupts
his relationships with his professors and his peers. Jason may have
- been a late-maturing child.
- been an early-maturing child.
- been a child who matured within the normal age range.
- not yet matured.
- In making the decision about whether to engage in sexual activity, young
people are more likely to delay such activity when
- growing up in a stressful family environment.
- they have the opportunity to learn about ways to resist pressures to engage
in sexual activity.
- they perceive that others their age are actively engaged in sexual activity.
- their parents are very restrictive about discipline and the rules their children
are expected to follow.
- Lisa, who is 10 years old, constantly breaks curfew and has already started to drink. Based on the information provided
in the chapter, Lisa is most likely
- a late-maturing girl.
- an early maturing girl.
- not matured yet.
- maturing in normal age range.
- David is five years old and exhibits several reflexes such as the Moro and
the palmar reflex. What does this tell us about David?
- that he is a normal child.
- that he might have some type of neurological impairment.
- that he will probably never develop good motor control.
- that he has Down syndrome.
- Adrienne has a newborn baby and continues to smoke. What advice should her
friends give her to get her to quit?
- "The babies lungs will not develop."
- "The baby is at a higher risk for SIDS."
- "The baby will show abnormal motor development."
- "The baby will develop a pincer grasp."
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