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Child Development - A Thematic Approach
, Fifth Edition
Danuta Bukatko - College of the Holy Cross
Marvin W. Daehler - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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| | Concept/Application Questions
Chapter 4:
The Prenatal Period and Birth
- Cheryl has delivered a baby with anencephaly. This would indicate that during
prenatal development, the baby's
- arms and legs did not develop properly because of a drug that Cheryl took
while she was pregnant.
- spinal cord did not develop properly because Cheryl had a viral infection while she was pregnant.
- brain did not develop properly because the neural tube failed to close during
the embryonic period.
- sexual organs did not develop properly because of prenatal exposure to excess
hormones.
- Hilda is pregnant and has just felt her baby move for the first time. This
fetal movement is referred to as
- quickening.
- myelinization.
- viability.
- gestation.
- MaryJo has just found out that she is pregnant. Her doctor will ask her about
which of the following dates to determine the gestational age of her child?
- The date she believes fertilization took place.
- The onset date of her last menstrual period.
- The date of her pregnancy test.
- The date two weeks after her last menstrual period.
- The extent of a teratogen's effect will depend on the precise time that the developing embryo or fetus
is exposed to the substance. This describes the principle of
- developmental delay.
- dose-response relationships.
- access.
- critical or sensitive periods.
- Inez, a heavy smoker, has continued to smoke throughout her pregnancy. It
is likely that her baby will
- be mentally retarded.
- be perfectly healthy and normal.
- have a much lower birth weight than a normal infant.
- have hearing and visual defects.
- Researchers often find it difficult to draw conclusions about the consequences
of exposure to illegal drugs on fetal development because
- such drugs tend to have the same kind of teratogenic effects that many diseases
produce.
- use of such drugs is often confounded with poor nutritional status, inadequate or no prenatal care, and uncertainty about
type and amount of exposure to the drug.
- the fetus may suffer many different consequences from exposure to such drugs.
- of the delayed effects that exposure to such drugs has on development.
- Prenatal exposure to rubella during the first trimester can result in an
infant who has
- FAS.
- DES.
- mental retardation.
- liver dysfunction.
- New drugs and medical treatments have helped to reduce the mother-to-fetus transmission of which of the following diseases in recent years?
- HIV.
- CMV.
- FAS.
- DES.
- According to the text, who is most likely to have a healthy, normal infant?
- A teenager having her first child.
- A thirty-seven-year-old woman having her first child.
- A twenty-three-year-old woman having her first child.
- A thirty-six-year-old woman having her second child.
- Annette is a healthy, nonsmoking forty-two-year-old who is pregnant with
her first child. Annette's baby is at increased risk for
- low birth weight.
- spina bifida.
- toxoplasmosis.
- Down syndrome.
- Compared to someone who is not pregnant, an expectant woman is likely to
be advised by a health practitioner to
- decrease her intake of vitamins to avoid any possible teratogenic effects.
- gain weight, typically as much as twenty-five to thirty-five pounds.
- limit her interactions with friends and family to reduce the likelihood of exposure to contagious diseases.
- increase her intake of aspirin and other medicines designed to alleviate
pain in preparation for childbirth.
- Normal childbirth is probably more comfortable and less risky for healthy
women undergoing a routine delivery when
- they rely on their health practitioners rather than their own inner resources to make choices about the kind of delivery that is most suitable.
- no expert is helping to manage the delivery.
- they stay in bed and remain quiet during the first stage of labor.
- they have available trusted companions to provide assistance and support
during childbirth.
- Mariko is in labor and is connected to a fetal monitoring device. Her doctor has determined that the fetal heart
rate shows that the baby is undergoing severe distress. The doctor is most
likely to recommend a
- cesarean birth.
- vaginal birth.
- breech birth.
- freestanding birthing center.
- Jerry was born preterm. This means he was born at _____________________ weeks' conceptual age.
- forty-three
- forty
- thirty-six
- thirty-two
- Low-birth-weight infants in an intervention program that provided regular
home visits and parental support meetings _____________________ than low-birth-weight infants not in the intervention program.
- had greater eating problems up to one year of age
- showed higher levels of cognitive performance
- gained weight less rapidly
- showed no difference in cognitive performance
- Greg was in the delivery room when his son was born. He was upset at the baby's appearance because the infant was covered with vernix caseosa. The doctor
most likely told Greg
- not to be concerned because all normal infants are born covered with this substance,
which protects the baby against infection.
- not to be concerned because all normal infants are born covered with this
substance, which helps regulate their breathing after birth.
- not to be concerned because all normal infants are born covered with this
substance, which helps regulate their body temperature.
- he should be concerned because this substance is a sign of respiratory distress.
- At birth, Nicole receives Apgar scores of 7 and 9. These scores indicate
that she
- is in severe respiratory distress.
- should be sent to neonatal intensive care.
- has poor muscle tone.
- is normal and healthy.
- While Paula is watching her newborn baby sleep, she notices that he is twitching
and breathing irregularly. On closer inspection, she can see the baby's eyes moving under closed eyelids. The baby is probably in
- quiet sleep.
- REM sleep.
- NREM sleep.
- alert sleep.
- Carol took thalidomide when she was pregnant and her son was born without
any limbs. This tragedy occurred because scientists did not realize that
the principle of _______________ would come into play
- susceptibility.
- sensitive period.
- teratogenic response.
- sleeper effects.
- Mary is a coffee "addict". She typically drinks three or more cups a day. Her baby is most likely
to exhibit which of the following symptoms?
- mental retardation.
- limb defects.
- lower birth weight.
- more sluggish movements.
- Lisa's baby was born with the umbilical cord wrapped around his neck. He showed
symptoms of cerebral palsy soon after birth. The most probable cause was:
- low birth weight.
- FAS.
- anoxia.
- DES.
- Bob and Meredith had a pre-term infant. In the NICU, the doctors are giving the baby various
social and body contact opportunities. In other words, the doctors believe that _______________ will help the pre-term infant to develop.
- compensatory stimulation
- doula care
- typical care
- enriching experiences
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