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Child Development - A Thematic Approach
, Fifth Edition
Danuta Bukatko - College of the Holy Cross
Marvin W. Daehler - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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| | Concept/Application Questions
Chapter 1:
Themes and Theories
- Jonathan has begun to display temper tantrums whenever he is not permitted
to have his way. A developmental psychologist is most likely to call on _____________________
to provide the most effective way to understand and explain Jonathan's behavior.
- a set of observations
- his or her personal experiences while growing up as a child
- biological factors
- a theory
- Most psychologists would agree that
- nature is all important for development.
- nurture is all important for development.
- the nature-nurture debate is no longer an important theme in development.
- both nature and nurture contribute to a certain degree to different aspects
of development.
- Patricia, fifteen years of age, has been exploring her interest in computers and has been considering taking
computer courses to become more knowledgeable about them. Her behavior illustrates
how
- ethological factors have a significant influence on development.
- children play an active role in their own development.
- individual differences arise during development.
- the interaction among domains can take place in development.
- Some theories of development propose that behavior changes during development
occur in rapid, sudden transitions with major reorganization of underlying mechanisms. This describes the concept
of
- continuity in development.
- stages in development.
- equilibration in development.
- sensitive periods in development.
- Dr. Jefferson has written a book for parents entitled How to Toilet Train Your Child Quickly and Easily. She instructs parents to give the child a small gift each time he or she
uses the toilet successfully. Dr. Jefferson's technique for toilet training is most obviously influenced by a(n) _____________________
approach to development.
- cognitive-developmental
- learning theory
- psychoanalytic
- ethological
- Each time Tommy hits his baby sister, his mother punishes him with a spanking.
According to social learning theory, Tommy's punishment is likely to
- result in an increase in Tommy's hitting behavior.
- result in an extinction of Tommy's hitting behavior.
- have no effect on Tommy's behavior.
- contribute to an advance to the next stage of cognitive development.
- Duane went to see a karate movie. Now he moves around his house attempting to kick his siblings. Duane's behavior is easily explained by the process of
- libido.
- classical conditioning.
- imprinting.
- observational learning.
- Kevin, who lives with his mother and father, is four years old. When he visits
a preschool friend, he expects that family to have both a mother and a father in the
household as well. Kevin has established a(n) _____________________ for what
constitutes a family.
- microsystem
- identity
- formal operation
- scheme
- When Marissa's infant gets an object in her hand, she puts it in her mouth and tries to suck it. Marissa's infant is _____________________ new objects into her sucking scheme.
- adapting
- organizing
- assimilating
- accommodating
- Hugo was called on by his teacher to recite a poem that the class had been
studying for several days. Prior to class, he had rehearsed the poem over
and over. How Hugo was able to remember and recite the poem would be of greatest interest to a(n) _____________________ theorist.
- psychosocial
- information-processing
- ethological
- ecological systems
- Lucia is an adolescent who is very concerned about who she is and what she
will become in the future. Lucia's search for her identity is a primary concern in _____________________ theory of development.
- Freud's
- Piaget's
- Bronfenbrenner's
- Erikson's
- Brigitte, the youngest of three children, is allowed many more freedoms than
her older siblings had been given at the same age. This is because as their other children matured, Brigitte's parents also changed their style of parenting. Which theoretical approach
best explains the mutual effects parents and children have on each other's development?
- Learning theory
- Psychoanalytic theory
- Ethological theory
- Contextual theory
- Ludmila had difficulty learning to read when she began formal schooling.
This was most probably because she did not have access to any books and was
never read to by her parents. Contextual models of development would suggest that problems at the level of the _____________________ were responsible
for her reading difficulties.
- microsystem
- mesosystem
- exosystem
- macrosystem
- Neal is one year old and very attached to his mother. He follows her around
and calls out for her when he can't see her. Developmental psychologists view Neal's behavior as normal and highly typical of all infants his age. The theory
that suggests that Neal's attachment behavior is an adaptive response in infancy is _____________________
theory.
- sociohistorical
- cognitive-developmental
- ethological
- behavior analysis
- Ricky lives on a farm and frequently feeds the ducks that swim in a pond
near his house. Recently he found duck eggs that had been abandoned by the
mother duck and brought them home to hatch. He kept them warm, and when they hatched, Ricky was the first thing
the ducks saw. Since then, the ducklings follow Ricky everywhere around the
farm. The ducks follow Ricky because they
- have become imprinted to him.
- are reinforced for following the person who feeds them.
- are searching for their mother.
- are learning to fly.
- A form of learning that occurs during a sensitive period in development in
which an organism stays close to a particular stimulus, such as its mother,
is called
- conditioning.
- attachment.
- imprinting.
- accommodation.
- The major theoretical approaches that have placed greatest emphasis on describing
development in terms of stages are
- Piagetian and psychosocial theories.
- learning and sociocultural theories.
- information-processing approaches and ethological theories.
- contextual and Freudian theories.
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