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Child Development - A Thematic Approach
, Fifth Edition
Danuta Bukatko - College of the Holy Cross
Marvin W. Daehler - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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| | Glossary Terms
A | B |
C | D | E |
F | G | H |
I | J | K |
L | M | N |
O | P | Q |
R | S | T |
U | V | W |
X | Y | Z
Ambivalent (resistant) attachment
Insecure attachment in which the infant shows separation protest but also distress upon the caregiver’s return.
Attachment
Strong emotional bond that emerges between infant and caregiver.
Avoidant attachment
Insecure attachment in which the infant shows little separation anxiety and does not pay much attention to the caregiver’s return.
Basic emotion
Emotion such as joy, sadness, or surprise that appears early in infancy and seems to have a biological foundation. Also called primary emotion.
Disorganized/disoriented attachment
Infant-caregiver relations characterized by the infant’s fear of the caregiver, confused facial expressions, and a combination of avoidant and ambivalent attachment behaviors.
Display rules
The cultural guidelines concerning when, how, and to what degree to display emotions.
Emotions
Complex behaviors involving physiological, expressive, and experiential components produced in response to some external or internal event.
Interactive synchrony
Reciprocal, mutually engaging cycles of caregiver-child behaviors.
Internal working models of relationships
Mental frameworks of the quality of relationships with others, developed as a result of early ongoing interactions with caregivers.
Primary reinforcer
Reward that gratifies biological needs or drives.
Reunion behavior
The child’s style of greeting the caregiver after a separation.
Secondary reinforcer
Object or person that attains rewarding value because of its association with a primary reinforcer.
Secure attachment
Attachment category defined by the infant’s distress at separation from the caregiver and enthusiastic greeting upon his or her return. The infant also displays stranger anxiety and uses the caregiver as a secure base for exploration.
Secure base
An attachment behavior in which the infant explores the environment but periodically checks back with the caregiver.
Self-conscious emotion
Emotion such as guilt and envy that appears later in childhood and requires more knowledge about the self as related to others.
Separation anxiety
Distress the infant shows when the caregiver leaves the immediate environment.
Strange Situation
Standardized test that assesses the quality of infant-caregiver attachment.
Stranger anxiety
Fear or distress an infant shows at the approach of an unfamiliar person.
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