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Child Development - A Thematic Approach
, Fifth Edition
Danuta Bukatko - College of the Holy Cross
Marvin W. Daehler - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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| | Glossary Terms
A | B |
C | D | E |
F | G | H |
I | J | K |
L | M | N |
O | P | Q |
R | S | T |
U | V | W |
X | Y | Z
Analogical transfer
Ability to employ the solution to one problem in other, similar problems.
Autobiographical memory
Memory for specific events in one’s own life.
Elaboration
Memory strategy in which individuals link items to be remembered in the form of an image or a sentence.
Episodic memory
Memory for events that took place at a specific time and place.
Executive function
Portion of the information-processing system that coordinates various component processes in order to achieve some goal.
Infantile amnesia
Failure to remember events from the first two to three years of one’s life.
Limited-resource model
Information-processing model that emphasizes the allocation of finite energy within the cognitive system.
Long-term memory
Memory that holds information for extended periods of time.
Memory span
Number of stimulus items that can be recalled after a brief interval of time.
Memory strategy
Mental activity, such as rehearsal, that enhances memory performance.
Metacognition
Awareness and knowledge of cognitive processes.
Metamemory
Understanding of memory as a cognitive process.
Microgenetic approach
A research approach in which detailed trial-to-trial observations are made of individual children’s performance.
Multistore model
Information-processing model that describes a sequence of mental structures through which information flows.
Organization
In Piagetian theory, the inborn tendency for structures and processes to become more systematic and coherent. Also memory strategy in which individuals reorder items to be remembered on the basis of category or some other higher-order relationship.
Primacy effect
Tendency for individuals to display good recall for early items in a list.
Processing speed
The rapidity with which cognitive activities are carried out.
Production deficiency
Failure of children under age seven years to spontaneously generate memory strategies.
Recall memory
Ability to reproduce stimuli that one has previously encountered.
Recency effect
Tendency for individuals to show good recall for the last few items in a list.
Recognition memory
Ability to identify whether a stimulus has been previously encountered.
Rehearsal
Memory strategy that involves repetition of items to be remembered.
Representational insight
The child’s ability to understand that a symbol or model can stand for a real-life event.
Script
Organized scheme or framework for commonly experienced events.
Semantic memory
Memory for general concepts or facts.
Sensory register
Memory store that holds information for very brief periods of time in a form that closely resembles the initial input.
Utilization deficiency
Phenomenon by which a memory strategy, when first applied, may fail to improve memory in a noticeable way.
Working memory
Short-term memory store in which mental operations such as rehearsal and categorization take place.
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