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Child Development - A Thematic Approach
, Fifth Edition
Danuta Bukatko - College of the Holy Cross
Marvin W. Daehler - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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| | Glossary Terms
A | B |
C | D | E |
F | G | H |
I | J | K |
L | M | N |
O | P | Q |
R | S | T |
U | V | W |
X | Y | Z
Babbling
Consonant-vowel utterances that characterize the infant’s first attempts to vocalize.
Broca’s area
Portion of the cerebral cortex that controls expressive language.
Canonical babbling
Repetition of simple consonant-vowel combinations in well-formed syllables.
Cooing
Vowel-like utterances that characterize the infant’s first attempts to vocalize.
Expansion
Repetition of a child’s utterance along with more complex forms.
Expressive aphasia
Loss of the ability to speak fluently.
Expressive style
Type of early language production in which the child uses many social words.
Fast-mapping
Deriving meanings of words from the contexts in which they are spoken.
Grammar
Rules pertaining to the structure of language.
Inner speech
Interiorized form of private speech.
Joint attention
Episodes in which the child shares the same "psychological space" with another individual.
Metalinguistic awareness
Ability to reflect on language as a communication tool and on the self as a user of language.
Metaphor
Figurative language in which a term is transferred from the object it customarily designates to describe a comparable object or event.
Morphology
Rules of how to combine the smallest meaningful units of language to form words.
Motherese/parentese
Simple, repetitive, high-pitched speech of caregivers to young children; includes many questions.
Mutual exclusivity bias
Tendency for children to assume that unfamiliar words label new objects
Nominals
Words that label objects, people, or events; the first type of words most children produce.
Overextension
Tendency to apply a label to a broader category than the term actually signifies.
Overregularization
Inappropriate application of syntactic rules to words and grammatical forms that show exceptions.
Phonology
Fundamental sound units and combinations of units in a given language.
Pragmatics
Rules for using language effectively within a social context.
Private speech
Children’s vocalized speech to themselves that directs behavior.
Productive language
Meaningful language spoken or otherwise produced by an individual.
Prosody
Patterns of intonation, stress, and rhythm that communicate meaning in speech.
Recast
Repetition of a child’s utterance with grammatical corrections.
Receptive aphasia
Loss of the ability to comprehend speech.
Receptive language
Ability to comprehend spoken speech.
Referential communication
Communication in situations that require the speaker to describe an object to a listener or to evaluate the effectiveness of a message.
Referential style
Type of early language production in which the child uses mostly nominals.
Semantic bootstrapping hypothesis
Idea that children derive information about syntax from the meanings of words.
Semantics
Meanings of words or combinations of words.
Syntax
Grammatical rules that dictate how words can be combined.
Telegraphic speech
Early two-word speech that contains few modifiers, prepositions, or other connective words.
Turn taking
Alternating vocalization by parent and child.
Turnabout
Element of conversation that requests a response from the child.
Underextension
Application of a label to a narrower class of objects than the term signifies.
Vocabulary spurt
Period of rapid word acquisition that typically occurs early in language development.
Wernicke’s area
Portion of the cerebral cortex that controls language comprehension.
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