Activity 2.3
Deductive and Inductive Inference

1. The following are a series of generalizations about politics. Deduce three specific expectations that should follow from each of them.
   1. Civil violence tends to occur in countries with populations with great social differences.
   2. Candidates who are successful in their elections are the ones who express views on issues similar to those of the electorate.
   3. People who live in political systems with monarchs (kings and/or queens) are more satisfied with their government than those who live in countries without monarchs.
   4. The quality of life is higher in democratic countries than in authoritarian countries.
   5. Political groups that are organized along democratic lines are more effective than those with strong leaders who make most decisions.
   
   
2. The following are some descriptions of specific facts. Develop some generalizations that might apply to other facts or events.
   1. Political corruption has been common in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. It has been uncommon in Seattle, Minneapolis, and San Diego.
   2. The following countries have relatively high rates of suicide: Sweden, Finland, Russia, Hungary. The same countries experience very few murders with handguns.
   3. People who frequently attend religious services, pray often, and are active in religious organizations oppose abortion rights, support prayer in schools, and oppose laws that protect homosexuals from discrimination.
   4. In the past fifty years the Democrats and the Republicans have successfully elected candidates to all levels of office in the United States. In the past fifty years the Constitution Party, the Libertarian Party, the Natural Law Party, the Reform Party, and the Communist Party USA have not been successful in electing candidates.
   5. Members of the U.S. Senate from the following states oppose proposals for campaign finance reform: Alabama, Texas, Kansas, Mississippi, Wyoming, and Utah. Members of the U.S. Senate from the following states support proposals for campaign finance reform: Washington, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, California, Vermont.