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Ponti: Italiano terzo millennio
Elissa Tognozzi, UCLA
Giuseppe Cavatorta, Dartmouth College
Grammar Review
Capitolo 6: Ritorno al... passato

Ripasso di grammatica elementare

Suffissi

A. Suffixes are endings that can be added to nouns, adjectives, and some adverbs to express shades of meaning. Because the choice of suffixes does not conform to clear-cut rules, it is best to use only forms you have heard or read. Most suffixes fall into one of four categories:
diminutivi express smallness: gatto gattino
accrescitivi express largeness: gatto gattone
vezzeggiativi express affection: gatto gattuccio
peggiorativi or dispregiativi express dislike: gatto gattaccio

B. The most common suffixes for nouns and adjectives are:

Diminutivi
-ino/a nasino, piedino, fettina, bellino (cute), giallino (yellowish)
-etto/a casetta, laghetto, pezzetto, canzonetta, pacchetto
-ello/a vinello (a fairly good wine)
-icello/a venticello (a light breeze), grandicello (quite big)
Accrescitivi
-one/a librone, bacione, nasone, ragazzone, grassone, pigrone
Vezzeggiativi
-uccio/a boccuccia (cute mouth), casuccia, Mariuccia
-otto/a bambinotto, ragazzotto
-acchiotto/a orsachiotto (teddy bear)
Peggiorativi
-accio/a parolaccia, donnaccia, boccaccia, filmaccio
-astro/a pollastro/a, poetastro (bad poet)

C. Some feminine words become masculine when the suffix -one is added. They often undergo a slight change in meaning as well.

la borsa (purse) il borsone (briefcase)
la palla (ball) il pallone (soccer ball)
la carta (paper) il cartone (cardboard)
la coperta (blanket) il copertone (tire)
la mamma (mother, mom) il mammone (mama's boy)
la barba (beard ) il barbone (homeless person)
la maglia (t-shirt) il maglione (sweater, pullover)
la giacca (jacket, suit jacket) il giaccone (sport jacket)

D. Some words undergo a change in meaning without changing gender when the suffix -ino is added.

caro (dear carino (cute)
tacco (heel) tacchino (turkey)
posto (place, seat) postino (postman)
pane (bread) panino (sandwich)

E. The most common suffixes for adverbs are:

Diminutivi
-ino pochino benino prestino (quite early)
-etto pochetto (a little bit)
-uccio maluccio (quite bad)
Accrescitivi
-one benone

Dobbiamo arrivarci prestino domani mattina per fare i preparativi per la festa.
We have to get there quite early tomorrow morning to get ready for the party.

Di posate ne abbiamo proprio pochette.
We have very little silverware.

Esercizio 1: Suffissi
Esercizio 2: Suffissi

Ripasso di Capitolo 6

Esercizio 1: Passato remoto v. imperfetto
Esercizio 2: Passato remoto v. trapassato remoto
Esercizio 3: Aggettivi e pronomi indefiniti



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