1. In what ways was the Romantic movement a reaction against the dominant ideas of the Enlightenment?
2. What was the significance of the Romantic movement?
3. How did Kant try to resolve the problem posed by Hume's empiricism? Why did he think his discovery in philosophy was as important as the Copernican theory in astronomy?
4. What was Hegel's view of history? What influence did it have?
5. What were the attitudes of the conservatives toward the philosophes and the French Revolution?
6. "It is with infinite caution that any man ought to venture upon pulling down an edifice which had answered in any tolerable degree for ages the common purposes of society." How is this statement by Burke representative of the conservative viewpoint?
7. What did conservatives reject the philosophy of natural rights?
8. What were the sources of liberalism?
9. Contrast the views of early nineteenth-century liberals and conservatives regarding the individual's relationship to society.
10. What was that fundamental difference between French radicals and liberals?
11. What did British radicalism owe to Paine and Bentham?
12. What basic liberal-capitalist doctrines were attacked by early socialists?
13. Why are Saint-Simon, Fourier, and Owen regarded as early socialists?
14. How did the French Revolution and romanticism contribute to the rise of modern nationalism?
15. What was the relationship between liberalism and nationalism?
16. What is the great appeal of nationalism?