1. What links the Middle Ages and early modern overseas expansion? What were the new forces for expansion operating in early modern Europe?
2. Compare Spanish and Portuguese overseas expansion in terms of the motives, areas of expansion, and character of the two empires.
3. What is the connection between the price revolution and overseas expansion? What was the principal cause of the price revolution?? Why?
4. Compare the conditions of slavery under the Muslims in Africa with those in the New World. Where did the slaves originate and what caused the slave trade to continue in each case?
5. What was enclosure? How did the price revolution encourage it?
6. Compare open-field farming and enclosure in terms of who worked the land, how the land was worked, and what were the results of each method.
7. What was convertible husbandry, where did it originate, and why was it such an important innovation?
8. What was the putting-out system? What were its advantages over the guilds and what were its long-term effects?
9. Define merchant capitalism. What three patterns of the distribution wealth fostered its development?
10. What was the traditional relationship between the people and their rulers? How and why did this relationship begin to change in the sixteenth century, and with what result?
11. What accounts for the witch craze and its decline? Why were most of its victims women?