1. What advances in agriculture occurred during the Middle Ages and what effect did they have?
2. What factors contributed to the rise of towns? What was the significance of the medieval town?
3. Identify and explain the importance of William the Conqueror, common law, Magna Carta, and Parliament.
4. Identify and Explain the significance of Hugh Capet, Philip Augustus, Louis IX, and Estates General.
5. Why did Germany not achieve unity during the Middle Ages?
6. What is the historical significance of the medieval representative institution?
7. What were the goals of the Cluniac reformers?
8. How did Gregory VII view the papacy? How was the Investiture Controversy resolved? What was the significance of this controversy?
9. Why did Urban III call a crusade against the Turks? What prompted the lords and commoners to go on a crusade? What was the final importance and outcome of the Crusades?
10. Why did the church regard to Waldensians and Cathari as heretics?
11. What were the achievements of Saint Francis and Saint Dominic?
12. How did papal power reach its height under Innocent III?
13. What factors contributed to the rise of anti-Jewish feeling during the Middle Ages? How does this feeling demonstrate the power of mythical thinking?
14. To what extent and in what ways did the High Middle Ages show signs of recovery and vitality?