1. What factors led to the rift between Byzantium and the Latin West?
2. What was Byzantium's long-term influence on world history?
3. What does Islam have in common with Christianity? How do they differ?
4. What is the importance to the history of Islam of the following: Hegira, Koran, jihad, and Shi'a?
5. What form did Muslim intellectual achievement take and what was its significance?
6. What did the Muslim empire decline?
7. In what ways were Greco-Roman ideas and institutions alien to Germanic traditions?
8. How was the Roman world in the West transformed by the seventh century?
9. How did Latin Christendom blend Christian, Greco-Roman, and Germanic traditions?
10. What was the significance of monks and nuns to medieval civilization?
11. What was the significance of the following Frankish rulers: Clovis, Charles Martel, and Pepin the Short?
12. What crucial developments occurred during the reign of Charlemagne? What were they important?
13. What were the caused and effects of the breakup of Charlemagne's empire?
14. What conditions led to the rise of feudalism? How did feudal law differ from Roman law?
15. What conditions led to the rise of manorialism? What obligations did serfs owe their lord? What did the serf get in return?