B. England and France contrast strikingly in their development as modern states. Below is a list of characteristics of each state as they had emerged by the end of the seventeenth century. Using the menus, match each characteristic with the appropriate state.

1. absolute monarchy
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2. government based on rule of law
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3. centralized bureaucracy
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4. constitutional monarchy with king's power limited by Parliament
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5. universal taxation that benefited nobility and clergy
???EnglandFrance

6. government favoring commercial interests
???EnglandFrance

7. allegiance enforced by royal patronage and suppression of opposition
???EnglandFrance

8. universal toleration of Protestant sects
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