| 1821 |
Austria suppresses Carbonari rebellion |
| 1831-32 |
Austria suppresses another Carbonari insurrection |
| 1832 |
Mazzini forms Young Italy |
| March 1848 |
Austrians are forced to withdraw from Milan and Venice |
| November 1848 |
Liberal revolution forces pope to flee Rome |
| 1848-49 |
Austria reasserts its authority in Milan and Venice; Louis Napoleon crushes
revolutionaries in Rome |
| 1858 |
Napoleon III agrees to help Piedmont-Sardinia against Austria |
| 1859 |
War between Piedmont-Sardinia and Austria: Piedmont obtains Lombardy from
Austria; Parma, Modena, Tuscany, and Romagna vote to join with Piedmont |
| 1860 |
Garibaldi invades Kingdom of the Two Sicilies |
| March 17, 1861 |
Victor Emmanuel of Piedmont is proclaimed king of Italy |
| 1866 |
Italy's alliance with Prussia against Austria results in annexation of Venetia
by Italy |
| 1870 |
Rome is incorporated into the Italian state and unity is achieved |
