| 910 |
Founding of the Abbey of Cluny |
| 962 |
Otto I crowned emperor of the Romans, beginning the Holy Roman Empire |
| 987 |
Hugh Capet becomes king of France |
| 1054 |
Split between the Byzantine and the Roman churches |
| 1061-1091 |
Norman conquest of Sicily |
| 1066 |
Norman conquest of England |
| 1075 |
Start of the Investiture Controversy |
| 1096 |
First Crusade begins |
| c. 1100 |
Revival of the study of Roman law at Bologna |
| 1163 |
Start of the construction of the Cathedral of Notre Dame |
| 1198-1216 |
Pontificate of Innocent III: height of the church's power |
| 1267-1273 |
Saint Thomas Aquinas writes Summa Theologica |
| c. 1321 |
Dante completes Divine Comedy |
