| 509 b.c. |
Expulsion of the Etruscan monarch |
| 450 |
Law of Twelve Tables |
| 287 |
End of the Struggle of the Orders |
| 264-241 |
First Punic War: Rome acquires provinces |
| 218-201 |
Second Punic War: Hannibal is defeated |
| 149-146 |
Third Punic War: destruction of Carthage |
| 133-122 |
Land reforms by the Gracchi brothers; they are murdered by the Senate |
| 88-83 |
Conflict between Sulla and the forces of Marius; Sulla emerges as dictator |
| 79 |
After restoring rule by Senate, Sulla retires |
| 73-71 |
Slave revolt is led by Spartacus |
| 58-51 |
Caesar campaigns in Gaul |
| 49-44 |
Caesar is dictator of Rome |
| 31 b.c. |
Antony and Cleopatra are defeated at Actium by Octavian |
