Dramatic innovation is often the result of closely examining past solutions to similar problems. Both Brunelleschi and Galileo built something new on a foundation of classical ideas and achievements. Brunelleschi's study of ancient architecture helped him build a dome that became a symbol of his city's connection to the classical world and its spirit of human excellence. Galileo's ideas were celebrated as well, but were also seen by some as heretical, forcing him to defend his theories as being consistent with those of the church fathers. Keep this in mind as you review the boxed features on page 405 (Brunelleschi's Dome) and page 582 (Galileo Asserts Science and Religion are Compatible) of your textbook. When you're finished reviewing, take a look at detailed examination of several of Brunelleschi's architectural achievements and a comprehensive web site dedicated to Galileo and his world, the Galileo Project. When you're done, consider the questions below.

1. How was Brunelleschi inspired by the classical world? What connections did he draw between that world and his own society? In what ways did he surpass the achievements of those who inspired him?

2. What was Galileo's argument for the compatibility of religion and science? Why was it rejected by church leaders? In the long run, did the condemnation of Galileo strengthen or weaken the Catholic Church? Why?