InstructorsStudentsReviewersAuthorsBooksellers Contact Us
image
  DisciplineHome
 TextbookHome
Study Guide
Articles of Confederation
ACE Practice Tests
Flashcards
Chronology Puzzles
Reader's Companion
 ResourceHome
Interactive Maps
Primary Sources
Bookstore
Textbook Site for:
The American Experiment: A History of the United States, Second Edition
Steven M. Gillon, University of Oklahoma
Cathy D. Matson, University of Delaware
et al.
Chapter Outlines

The following is an overview of the major themes, topics, and issues addressed in this chapter, designed to assist with note taking and review.

Chapter 1: Out of Old Worlds, New Worlds
Chapter 2: The First Experiments, 1540-1680
Chapter 3: Imperial Connections, 1660-174?
Chapter 4: Colonial Maturation and Conflict, 1680-1754
Chapter 5: Forging the American Experiment, 1754-1775
Chapter 6: Winning Independence, 1775-1783
Chapter 7: The Federal Experiment, 1783-1800
Chapter 8: Striving for Nationhood, 1800-1824
Chapter 9: An Emerging Capitalist Nation, 1790-1820
Chapter 10: Transforming the Political Culture, 1820-1840
Chapter 11: Industry and Reform in the North, 1820-1850
Chapter 12: Living with Slavery, North and South, 1820-1850
Chapter 13: The Westward Experiment, 1820-1850
Chapter 14: The Sectional Challenge, 1848-1860
Chapter 15: Transforming the Experiment: The Civil War, 1861-1865
Chapter 16: Reconstruction and the New South, 1864-1900
Chapter 17: Conquering the West, 1862-1900
Chapter 18: The Industrial Experiment, 1865-1900
Chapter 19: The New Urban Nation, 1865-1910
Chapter 20: State and Society, 1877-1900
Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1889-1916
Chapter 22: The Experiment in American Empire, 1865-1917
Chapter 23: Making the World Safe for Democracy: America and World War I, 1914-1920
Chapter 24: The New Era, 1920-1928
Chapter 25: "Fear Itself": Crash, Depression, and the New Deal, 1929-1938
Chapter 26: War and Society, 1933-1945
Chapter 27: The Cold War, 1945-1952
Chapter 28: The Consumer Society, 1945-1960
Chapter 29: Consensus and Confrontation, 1960-1968
Chapter 30: The Politics of Polarization, 1969-1979
Chapter 31: The Reagan Experiment, 1979-1988
Chapter 32: America After the Cold War, 1988-2000
Chapter 33: Epilogue: The Challenges of the New Century




Chapter 1: Out of Old Worlds, New Worlds

  1. The First Americans
  1. Earliest North Americans
  1. Land Bridge at Beringia
  • North American Cultures
    1. Adena
    2. Cahokia
    3. Hohokam
    4. Anasazi
    5. Athapaskans
    6. Pueblo
    7. Navajo
    8. Algonquian-speaking cultures
    9. Five Great Nations of the Iroquois
    1. Great League of Peace
  • Mesoamerican and South American Cultures
    1. Olmec
    2. Toltec
    3. Maya
    4. Aztec
    1. Tenochtitlan
    2. Huitzilopochtli
  • Inca
    1. Pachakuti
    2. Cuzco
  • Old World Peoples in Africa and Europe
    1. West African Cultures and Kingdoms
    1. Kingdom of Ghana
    2. Kingdom of Songhai (Mali)
    1. Timbuktu
  • Traditional European Societies
    1. Peasant Life
    2. The Black Death
    3. Early Explorers
    1. Erik the Red
    2. Leif Erikson
  • Catalysts of Commercial Transformation
    1. The Crusades
    2. Marco Polo
  • Europe's Internal Transformation
    1. Agriculture and Commerce
    2. Enclosure Acts
    3. Sir Thomas More
    1. Utopia
  • The Nation-State
    1. Portugal
    1. John I
  • Spain
    1. Ferdinand & Isabella
    2. Spanish Inquisition
  • France
    1. Louis XI
  • England
    1. War of the Roses
    2. Henry VII
  • Renaissance
    1. Navigation Instruments
    1. Compass
    2. Astrolabe
    3. Sextant
  • Michelangelo
  • Galileo Galilei
  • William Shakespeare
  • Niccolo Machiavelli
    1. The Prince
  • The Reformation
    1. Catholic Church
    1. Indulgences
  • Martin Luther
    1. St. Thomas Aquinas
    2. St. Augustine of Hippo
    3. Ninety-Five Theses
  • John Calvin
  • John Knox
  • St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
  • Henry IV
    1. Edict of Nantes
  • Henry VIII
    1. Anglican Church
  • Mary
  • Elizabeth I
  • From Across the Seas
    1. Portuguese Exploration and African Slavery
    1. History of Slavery
    1. Slavs
    2. Chattel
  • Portugal
    1. Prince Henry the Navigator
    2. Offshore slave "factories"
    3. Bartholomeu Dias
    4. Vasco da Gama
  • Columbus
    1. Ferdinand and Isabella
    2. San Salvador
    3. Hispaniola
    1. Taino Indians
  • Treaty of Tordesillas
  • Amerigo Vespucci
  • Martin Waldseemuller
  • The Spanish Century
    1. Conquistadors
    2. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
    3. Hernan Cortes
    1. Tenochtitlan
    2. Ala Malinche
    3. Montezuma
    4. Quetzalcoatl
  • Francisco Pizarro
    1. Cuzco
    2. Atahualpa
  • Juan Ponce de Leon
    1. Pascua Florida
  • Panfilo de Narvaez
    1. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
    2. Cibola
  • Hernando de Soto
  • Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
  • Effects of Contact
    1. Columbian Exchange
    2. Slavery
    1. Midpassage
  • New Foods
  • Silver
  • European Diseases

    • Top



    Chapter 2: The First Experiments, 1540-1680

    1. Struggles for New World Dominion
    1. Governing Spain's Empire
    1. St. Augustine
    2. Viceroys
    3. Encomienda System
    4. Potosi
    5. New Mexico
    1. Juan de Onate
    2. Acoma
  • French Toeholds
    1. Jean Ribault
    1. Parris Island
  • Fort Caroline
  • Jacques Cartier
  • St. Lawrence River
  • Samuel de Champlain
    1. Acadia
    2. Quebec City
  • Louis Jolliet
  • Jacques Marquette
  • Sieur de LaSalle
    1. Louisiana
  • Dutch Republican Colonies
    1. Dutch East India Company
    1. Burghers
    2. Henry Hudson
    3. Fort Nassau
  • Dutch West India Company
    1. Pierre Minuit
    2. Manhattan
    1. New Amsterdam
  • New Netherland
    1. Patronen
    2. Bouweries
  • Willem Kieft
  • Pieter Stuyvesant
  • New Sweden
    1. Fort Christina
  • Early English Exploration and Settlement
    1. John Cabot
    1. "Newe founde lande"
  • Sea Dogs
    1. Sir Francis Drake
      Golden Hind
    1. Sir Humphrey Gilbert
    2. Sir Walter Ralegh
      1. Virginia
      2. Lost Colony of Roanoke
      1. John White
      2. Virginia Dare
      3. Richard Hakluyt
    3. England's Southern Plantings
      1. Virginia's Beginnings
      1. Virginia Company
      2. Jamestown
      1. Powhatan
      2. John Smith
      3. Sir Thomas Gates
      4. Baron De la Warr
      5. Pocahontas
      6. John Rolfe
      7. Opechancanough
    4. Tobacco
    5. Headright System
    6. House of Burgesses
    7. Founding Maryland
      1. George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
      2. Cecilius Calvert
    8. Life and Labor in the Chesapeake
      1. Indentured Servants
      2. "Freedom Dues"
    9. Sugar and Slavery in the Caribbean
      1. Brazilian Agricultural Methods
      2. "White Gold"
      3. Dutch Slave Trade
    10. Tobacco and Slavery in the Chesapeake
      1. John Rolfe
      1. 1619 First African Laborers Introduced
    11. Transition to Slave Labor
    12. The New England Colonies
      1. Plymouth
      1. Council for New England
      2. Thomas Weston
      3. Separatists
      4. Mayflower
      5. Pilgrims
      6. Mayflower Compact
      7. William Bradford
      8. Massasoit
      9. Squanto
      10. Thanksgiving
      11. Miles Standish
    13. The City Upon a Hill
      1. Puritans
      2. John Winthrop
      3. Arbella
      4. "Great Migration"
      5. Harvard College
      6. Legislature of Assistants
    14. Dissent and Compromise
      1. Roger Williams
      1. Providence
      2. Rhode Island Colony
    15. Anne Hutchinson
      1. Antinomianism
    16. Mary Dyer
    17. Thomas Hooker
      1. Founded Hartford
      2. Connecticut Colony
    18. Daily Life in New England
      1. Townships
      2. Family Farms
      1. "Partible Inheritance"
    19. Healthier Environment
    20. Colonists and Indians: Coexistence and Conflict
      1. Cultural Contrasts
      1. Polytheism
      2. System of Reciprocity
      3. Tight Kinship and Village Groups
    21. Early Tensions in the North
      1. Pequot
      2. John Eliot's Algonquian Translation of the Bible
    22. New England Erupts
      1. Metacomet's War
      1. King Philip
      2. Mary Rowlandson
    23. Covenant Chain
    24. Southern Conflicts
      1. Bacon's Rebellion
      1. Nathaniel Bacon
      2. Governor William Berkeley
    25. Carolinas Rebellion
      1. John Culpepper
      2. George Durant

      Top



      Chapter 3: Imperial Connections, 1660-174?

      1. The Restoration Colonies
      1. The Carolinas
      1. Anthony Ashley Cooper
      2. John Locke
      3. Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
      4. Charles Town
      5. Rice Belt
      6. William Drummond
      7. John Culpepper
    26. New York and New Jersey
      1. James, Duke of York
      2. Colonel Richard Nicolls
      3. Sir George Carteret
      4. Lord John Berkeley
      5. Third Anglo-Dutch War
      6. Edmund Andros
    27. Pennsylvania and Penn's Delaware
      1. William Penn
      2. Jeremiah Dixon
      3. Charles Mason
      4. Society of Friends
      1. George Fox
      2. Margaret Fell
    28. Frame of Government of 1681
    29. Philadelphia
    30. Lenni Lenape Indians
    31. Lower Three Counties
    32. Charter of Privileges
    33. Shaping Imperial Commerce
      1. Imperial Economies and the Colonies
      1. Casa de Contratación
      2. Dutch East India Company
      3. Dutch West India Company
      4. Acts of Trade and Navigation
      5. Staple Act
      6. Duty Act
      7. Wool Act
      8. Mercantilism
    34. The Colonial Atlantic System
      1. Transatlantic Merchants
      2. Smugglers
    35. Crises at Home and Abroad
      1. The Dominion of New England
      1. Sir Edmund Andros
    36. The Glorious Revolution
      1. James II
      2. Two Treatise of Government
      3. William and Mary
    37. Colonial Political Revolts
      1. New York
      1. Jacob Leisler
    38. Maryland
      1. Protestant Association
      2. John Coode
    39. Little Parliaments
      1. "Power of the Purse-Strings"
      2. viva voce
      3. "Passing the Sack"
      4. "Swilling the Bumbo"
    40. Witches
      1. Salem Village
      2. Salem Town
      3. Samuel Parris
      4. Tituba
      5. Salem Witch Trials
      6. William Phips
      7. Giles Cory
    41. Politics and Culture in the New Century
      1. Renewed Imperial Warfare
      1. King William's War
      1. Treaty of Ryswick
    42. Queen Anne's War
      1. Treaty of Utrecht
    43. "Kingdom of Tejas"
      1. Caddo Indians
    44. Iroquois
      1. Covenant Chain
    45. Challenging Imperial Arrangements
      1. Sir Robert Walpole
      2. Governor George Clinton
      3. "Land Banks"
      4. Currency Act
      5. Molasses Act
    46. Midcentury Warfare
      1. War of Jenkins's Ear
      1. Robert Jenkins
      2. guarda costas
    47. James Oglethorpe
    48. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
    49. Transatlantic Cultural Influences
      1. Enlightenment
      1. Sir Isaac Newton
      1. Principia
    50. John Locke
      1. Essay Concerning Human Understanding
    51. John Winthrop, Jr.
    52. Deists
    53. Benjamin Franklin
      1. Poor Richard's Almanac
      2. American Philosophical Society
    54. William Bradford
    55. John Peter Zenger
      1. New York Weekly Journal
    56. Richard Steele
      1. The Spectator
    57. Joseph Addison
      1. The Tatler
    58. John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon
      1. Cato's Letters

      Top



      Chapter 4: Colonial Maturation and Conflict, 1680-1754

      1. Growth and Diversity in the Colonies
      1. New Immigrants
      1. Scots-Irish
      2. Germans
      3. French Huguenots
    59. Families and Servants
      1. Farming
      2. The Law of Coverture
      3. Indentured Servants
    60. Varieties of Life in the North
      1. The Atlantic Economy
      1. International Trade
      2. Shipbuilding
      3. Captain William Kidd
    61. Cities and Market Towns
      1. Urban Social Structure
      1. "Better Sort"
      2. "Middlings"
      3. "Lower Sort"
      4. Slaves
    62. Boston Riots
    63. John Woolman
    64. New England
      1. "By-Employments"
      2. Connecticut
      3. Massachusetts
    65. The Mid-Atlantic
      1. New Jersey
      2. Pennsylvania
      3. Delaware
      4. New York
    66. Varieties of Life in the South
      1. The Chesapeake Colonies
      1. Virginia
      2. Maryland
    67. Slavery and the Chesapeake
      1. Dutch and British Transatlantic Slave Trade
      2. Role of Tobacco
      3. "Factors"
    68. The Carolinas
      1. Indigo
      1. Eliza Lucas Pinckney
    69. Rice
    70. Georgia
      1. James Oglethorpe
      2. John Percival
    71. Slave Work and Culture
      1. Middle Passage
      2. "Seasoned" Slaves
      3. "Task System"
      4. Gullah
    72. Maturity Brings Conflict
      1. Slave Resistance and Rebellion
      1. Mose
      1. Francisco Menendez
    73. Stono's River
    74. The Great Awakening
      1. Johnathan Edwards
      2. William Tennent
      3. Theodore Frelinghuysen
      4. George Whitefield
      5. Gilbert Tennent
      6. James Davenport
      7. "Old v. New Lights"
    75. Land in Trouble
      1. "Long Knives"
      2. "Regulators"
      3. Chief Hendrick
      4. Ethan Allen's "Green Mountain Boys"
      5. Marquis Duquesne

      Top



      Chapter 5: Forging the American Experiment, 1754-1775

      1. The Great War for the Empire
      1. Onset of War
      1. George Washington
      1. Fort Necessity
      2. Great Meadows
    76. Benjamin Franklin
      1. Plan of Union
      2. "Unite or Die"
      3. Albany Congress
    77. General Edward Braddock
    78. French And Indian War
      1. Lord Loudoun
      2. Marquis Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
      3. William Pitt
      4. George Washington
      1. Fort Pitt
    79. Treaty of Paris
    80. Tensions on the Frontier
      1. Ethan Allen
      1. Green Mountain Boys
    81. General Jeffery Amherst
    82. Neolin
    83. Pontiac
    84. Proclamation Line of 1763
    85. Paxton Boys
    86. Treaty of Hard Labor
    87. Regulator Movement
      1. William Tryon
      2. Battle of Alamance
    88. Dunmore's War
    89. Wilderness Road
      1. Richard Henderson
      2. Daniel Boone
      3. Transylvania
    90. Rethinking Empire
      1. Imperial Crisis
      2. Market and Goods
      3. Legislating Obedience
      1. Lord Bute
      1. Revenue Act
    91. George Grenville
      1. The Sugar Act
      2. Molasses Act
      3. Currency Act
      4. Quartering Act
    92. Deepening Commitment, Rising Violence
      1. The Stamp Act Crisis
      1. Stamp Act
      2. Patrick Henry
      1. Virginia Resolves
    93. The Sons of Liberty
      1. Loyal Nine
      2. Samuel Adams
      3. Stamp Act Congress
      1. Declaration of Rights and Grievances
    94. Lord Rockingham
      1. The Declaratory Act
    95. The Townshend Duties Crisis
      1. Charles Townshend
      1. The Townshend Duties
    96. John Hancock
      1. Liberty
    97. John Dickinson
      1. Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
    98. "Circular Letter"
    99. "92"
    100. Daughters of Liberty
    101. Toward Independence
      1. The Boston Massacre
      1. Lord North
      2. Golden Hills Riots
      3. Captain Preston
      4. Crispus Attucks
      5. John Adams
      6. Josiah Quincy, Jr.
      7. James Bowdoin
      8. Paul Revere
    102. The Problem with Tea
      1. The Gaspee Incident
      2. "Committee of Correspondence"
      3. Tea Act
      4. The Boston Tea Party
      5. Coercive Acts
      1. Port Bill
      2. Government Act
      3. Quartering Act
      4. Administration of Justice Act
    103. Quebec Act
    104. Forging a Political Community
      1. The First Continental Congress
      1. Suffolk Resolves
      2. Joseph Galloway
      1. Grand Council
    105. John Adams
    106. Patrick Henry
    107. Declaration of Rights
    108. Intercolonial Association Agreement
    109. Committees of Observation and Safety
    110. Exodus and War
      1. Edmund Burke
      2. Concord
      3. Lexington
      4. Minutemen

      Top



      Chapter 6: Winning Independence, 1775-1783

      1. The Decision for Independence
      1. The Second Continental Congress
      1. Battle of Bunker Hill
      1. William Howe
    111. Fort Ticonderoga
      1. Ethan Allen
    112. Second Continental Congress
      1. Thomas Jefferson
      2. George Washington
      3. John Adams
      4. John Dickinson
      1. Olive Branch</li>
    113. Montreal and Quebec
      1. Richard Montgomery
      2. Benedict Arnold
    114. Common Sense
      1. Thomas Paine
      2. Benjamin Franklin
    115. Declaring Independence
      1. Benjamin Franklin
      2. Thomas Jefferson
      3. John Adams
      4. Caesar Rodney
    116. The Revolution in Earnest
      1. A Year of Exuberance
      1. Hessians
      2. Committee of Public Safety
      3. William Howe
      4. Washington Crossing the Delaware River
      5. Early Battles of the Revolution
      1. Battle of Long Island
      2. Battle of Trenton
      3. Battle of Princeton
    117. Philadelphia, Saratoga, and Valley Forge
      1. "Johnnie" Burgoyne
      2. Horatio Gates
      3. John Stark
      4. Battle of Saratoga
      5. Valley Forge
      6. Alexander Hamilton
      7. Baron von Steuben
      8. Marquis de Lafayette
      9. Johann Baron de Kalb
      10. Thaddeus Kosciuszko
      11. Casimir Count Pulaski
    118. The French Alliance
      1. Roderique Hortalez et Compagnie
      2. Benjamin Franklin
      3. Comte de Vergennes
      4. Battle of Monmouth Court House
      1. "Molly Pitcher"
    119. The Character of War
      1. Loyalists
      1. Governors
      1. Lord Dunmore
      2. Benning Wentworth
      3. Thomas Hutchinson
    120. Joseph Brant
    121. Tories
    122. Armies and Taxes
      1. Ladies Association of Philadelphia
      1. Esther DeBerdt
      2. Sarah Franklin Bache
    123. "Camp Followers"
    124. Nancy Hart
    125. "Continentals"
    126. Prices and Wages
      1. "Land Embargo" Laws
      2. Fort Wilson Riot
    127. Spies, Prisoners, and Evaders
      1. John Honeyman
      2. Benjamin Church
      3. Benedict Arnold
      4. John Andre "Jail Fever"
    128. The New Republican Order
      1. From Colonies to States
      1. Republic
      2. Baron de Montesquieu
      1. Spirit of the Laws
    129. The People the Best Governors
    130. Thomas Paine
      1. Common Sense
    131. John Adams
      1. Thoughts on Government
    132. The Articles of Confederation
      1. Robert Morris
      2. Bank of North America
    133. Winning the War
      1. The War in the West
      1. Catawba
      2. George Rogers Clark
      1. "Long Knives"
    134. Joseph Brant
    135. The War in the South
      1. Lord Cornwallis
      2. Patrick Ferguson
      3. Thomas Sumter
      4. Horatio Gates
      5. Comte de Rochambeau
      6. Battle of King's Mountain
      7. Nathanael Greene
      8. Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox"
      9. Battle of Guilford Court House
      10. Battle of Yorktown
    136. Victory at Last
      1. Treaty of Paris

      Top



      Chapter 7: The Federal Experiment, 1783-1800

      1. The Critical Period
      1. Soldiers and Loyalists
      1. Newburgh Petition
      1. Horatio Gates
      2. George Washington
    137. Alexander Hamilton
    138. Servants and Slaves
      1. Elizabeth Mumbet Freeman
      2. Anthony Benezet
      3. Absalom Jones
      4. Jupiter Hammon
      5. Phillis Wheatley
      6. Gabriel Prosser
    139. Commercial Decline and Recovery
      1. Empress of China
    140. Debtor Relief and Shays' Rebellion
      1. "Stay Laws"
      2. Trevett v. Weeden
      3. Shays' Rebellion
      1. Captain Daniel Shays
      2. Luke Day
    141. Governor James Bowdoin
    142. Shaping the West
      1. Land Ordinance of 1785
      2. Manassah Cutler
      3. William Duer
      4. John Jay
      5. James Wilkinson
      6. Don Diego de Gardoqui
      7. Treaty of Fort Stanwix
      8. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
      9. State of Franklin
      10. Northwest Ordinance; July 13, 1787
    143. The National Founding
      1. Thinking Continentally
      1. Federalists
      2. Annapolis Convention
      1. Alexander Hamilton
    144. The Philadelphia Convention
      1. Edmund Randolph
      1. Virginia Plan
    145. William Patterson
      1. New Jersey Plan
    146. Roger Sherman
      1. Connecticut Compromise
    147. Federalism
    148. Elastic Clause
    149. "Three-Fifths Compromise"
    150. The Public Debate
      1. The Federalist
      1. James Madison
      2. Alexander Hamilton
      3. John Jay
    151. Anti-Federalists
      1. George Clinton
      2. Patrick Henry
      3. Mercy Otis Warren
    152. Forming a National Government
      1. The First Congress
      1. Washington's Cabinet
      1. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson
      2. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton
      3. Secretary of War Henry Knox
      4. Attorney General Edmund Randolph
    153. Judiciary Act of 1789
    154. U. S. Bill of Rights
    155. Hamilton's Political Economy
      1. "Report on the Public Credit"
      2. William Duer
      3. "Loose Construction"
      4. Adam Smith
      1. The Wealth of Nations
    156. Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans
      1. Factions Harden
      1. Bank of the United States
      1. Alexander Hamilton
      2. Thomas Jefferson
    157. "Republican Societies"
    158. The Frontier Besieged
      1. Indian Intercourse Act - 1790
      2. Battle of Fallen Timbers
      1. Anthony Wayne
      2. Little Turtle
    159. Treaty of Greenville
    160. Whiskey Rebellion - 1794
    161. French and Caribbean Revolutions
      1. French Revolution
      2. Neutrality Act
      3. John Jay
      4. Thomas Pinckney
    162. Factions, Interests, and American Identity
      1. The Idea of Political Parties
      1. The Federalist No. 10
    163. The New Political Culture
      1. John Adams
      2. XYZ Affair
      3. Alien Act
      4. Naturalization Act
      5. Sedition Act
      6. Matthew Lyon
      7. Roger Griswold
      8. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
      9. Aaron Burr

      Top



      Chapter 8: Striving for Nationhood, 1800-1824

      1. Democratic-Republicans in Power
      1. Simplifying Government
      1. Thomas Jefferson
      1. "Revolution of 1800"
      2. "Simplicity and Frugality"
    164. The Judiciary and the Common Law
      1. Judiciary Act of 1801
      1. "Midnight Appointments"
    165. Impeachment of Samuel Chase
    166. Chief Justice John Marshall
      1. Marbury vs. Madison
      2. McCulloch vs. Maryland
      3. Fletcher v. Peck
      4. Dartmouth College v. Woodward
    167. Defining Politics and American Identity
      1. Connecticut Wits
      2. Philadelphia American Philosophical Society
      3. New York City Tontine Society
      4. Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur
      1. Letters from an Farmer 1782
    168. Parson Weems
      1. Life of Washington
    169. William Hill Brown
      1. The Power of Sympathy
    170. Susanna Haswell Rowson
      1. Charlotte Temple
    171. Noah Webster
      1. American Dictionary of the English Language
    172. Government and Development
      1. James Monroe
      1. Virginia Dynasty
      2. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
      3. Secretary of War John C. Calhoun
    173. American System
    174. Expansion and the Agrarian Republic
      1. Lands of Promise
      2. Louisiana Purchase
      1. Fredrick Jackson Turner
      1. The Significance of the Frontier in American History
    175. Land Act of 1796
    176. Land Act of 1801
    177. Napoleon
    178. Robert Livingston
    179. Aaron Burr- Alexander Hamilton Duel
    180. Lewis and Clark
      1. William Clark
      2. Meriwether Lewis
      3. Chief Black Cat
      4. Sacagawea
      5. Zebulon Pike
    181. Indian Relations
      1. Five Civilized Tribes
      2. The Society for Propagation of the Gospel
      3. Indian Intercourse Act of 1790
      4. John Ross
      5. Sequoyah
      6. Tecumseh
      7. Tenskwatawa - The Prophet
      8. William Henry Harrision
      1. Treaty of Fort Wayne
      2. Tippecanoe
    182. Battle of Horseshoe Bend
      1. Andrew Jackson
      2. David Crockett
    183. America in the World
      1. Spain in North America
      1. Father Junipero Serra
      2. Pinckney's Treaty of 1795
      3. Father Miguel Hidalgo
      4. Father Jose Maria Morelos
      5. Bernardo Gutierrez
    184. Continuing Tensions in the Atlantic Community
      1. Non-Importation Act
      2. Leopard
      3. Chesapeake incident of 1807
    185. Embargo Act
      1. Force Act
      2. Ograbme
      3. Non-Intercourse Act
      4. Macon's Bill No. 2
      5. War Hawks
      1. Henry Clay
      2. John C. Calhoun
    186. Canadian Campaigns
      1. General William Hull
      2. Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry (Military Leader)
      3. General William Henry Harrison
    187. Fort McHenry
    188. Battle of Lake Champlain
    189. Hartford Convention
    190. Treaty of Ghent
    191. Battle of New Orleans
    192. The Monroe Doctrine
      1. John Quincy Adams
      2. Era of Good Feelings

      Top



      Chapter 9: An Emerging Capitalist Nation, 1790-1820

      1. New Social Identities
      1. Immigration and Cities
      1. Migration from the Countryside
      2. Urban Poverty
      3. Gap Between Rich and Poor Widened
        Republican Women and Families
        1. Deborah Sampson Gannett
        2. Judith Sargent Murray
        3. Benjamin Rush
        4. Mothers' Monthly Journal
      1. Emotional and Rational Awakenings
        1. Second Great Awakening
        2. William Emery Channing
        3. Lyman Beecher
        4. Samuel Hopkins
        5. Lane Theological Seminary
        6. Andover Theological Seminary
        7. American Sunday School Union
        8. Charles Grandison Finney
      2. Transforming the Empire for Liberty
        1. The Commercial Republic
        1. Robert Oliver
        2. Stephen Girard
        3. Empress of China
        4. Robert Gray
        5. Jefferson Embargo of 1807
        6. Corn Laws
      3. Roads and Turnpikes
        1. Albert Gallatin
        2. National Road
      4. Steamboats and Canals
        1. Robert Fulton
        2. Robert R. Livingston
        3. Clermont
        4. Nicholas Roosevelt
        5. New Orleans
        6. Gibbons v. Ogden
        7. Schuylkill Canal
        8. Erie Canal
        9. De Witt Clinton
        1. "Clinton's Folly"
      5. Mills and Manufactures
        1. Report on Manufactures in 1791
        2. Patent Law of 1790
        3. Oliver Evans
        4. Interchangeable Parts
        1. Simeon North
        2. John Hall
        3. Eli Whitney
      6. American System of Manufactures
      7. Standardized Parts
        1. Eli Terry
        2. Seth Thomas
        3. Chauncey Jerome
      8. "Putting Out" System
      9. Lynn, Massachusetts
      10. Samuel Slater and Family Mills
        1. Richard Arkwright
        2. Moses Brown
        3. Richard Almay
      11. New Regional Identities
        1. The Northwest
        1. Ruth Belknap
        1. "The Pleasures of Country Life"
      12. Scientific Farming
      13. The Old Northwest
        1. Robert Morris
      14. King Cotton Emerges
        1. "Black Belt"
        2. "White Gold"
        3. Cotton Gin
        1. Eli Whitney
        2. Catherine Greene
      15. Tensions in the Empire for Liberty
        1. The Missouri Crisis
        2. The Panic of 1819

        Top



        Chapter 10: Transforming the Political Culture, 1820-1840

        1. Popular Politics
        1. Extending the Right to Vote
        1. Democracy
        2. Political Parties
      16. Popular Participation
        1. American Tract Society
        2. "Penny Press"
      17. An Older Order Passes
        1. James Monroe
        1. "Era of Good Feelings"
      18. De Witt Clinton
        1. Old Money Aristocracy
      19. Martin Van Buren
        1. "Little Magician
        2. Bucktails
      20. The Jacksonian Persuasion
        1. Gathering Momentum
        1. "Corrupt Bargain"
        1. Henry Clay
        2. John Quincy Adams
        3. William Crawford
        4. John C. Calhoun
      21. 1828 Presidential Election
        1. American System
        2. "Tariff of Abominations"
      22. Storming Washington
        1. Andrew Jackson ,"Old Hickory"
        2. First Modern Campaign
      23. Patronage, Democracy, Equality
        1. Democratic Party
        2. "Kitchen Cabinet"
        3. "Spoils System"
      24. The Experiment in Action
        1. Indian Removal
        1. George M. Troup
        2. Indian Removal Act
        3. John Marshall
        1. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
        2. Worcester v. Georgia
      25. Massacre at Bad Axe
        1. Chief Black Hawk
      26. John Ross
      27. Winfield Scott
      28. "Indian Territory"
      29. Trail of Tears
      30. Tariffs
        1. Maysville Road Bill
        2. The South Carolina Exposition and Protest
        3. Robert Hayne
        4. Daniel Webster
        5. Ordinance of Nullification
        6. Force Act
      31. Banks
        1. Second Bank of the United States
        2. Nicholas Biddle
        3. Roger B. Taney
        4. Henry Clay
      32. Changing Legal Doctrines
        1. Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
        2. Briscoe v. Bank of Kentucky
      33. Dissenting Strain
        1. The Whig Persuasion
        1. Daniel Webster
        2. Henry Clay
        3. John C. Calhoun
        4. Philip Hone
      34. Workingmen's Parties
        1. Thomas Skidmore
        2. New York Working Man's Party
        1. "Workies"
      35. William Leggett
        1. Locofoco Party
      36. The Panic of 1837
        1. Specie Circular
      37. The Election of 1840
        1. Martin Van Buren
        1. Independent Treasury Act
      38. William Henry Harrison
        1. "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too"
      39. Preemption Act of 1841

        40. Top



        Chapter 11: Industry and Reform in the North, 1820-1850

        1. Immigration and Urbanization
        1. Old Cities and New
        1. New York City
        1. Tammany Hall
      40. Irish Population
      41. German Population
      42. Frontier Cities
      43. Cincinnati
      44. Rich and Poor
        1. Anson Phelps
        2. John Jacob Astor
        3. "Rags to Riches"
        4. "Middling Sort"
        5. Elias Howe
        6. Isaac Singer
        7. African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church
      45. Order and Disorder
        1. Cincinnati Riots
        2. Philadelphia Riots
      46. The Accelerating Industrial Experiment
        1. Coastal and Frontier Farming
        1. Scientific Farming
        2. "By-employments"
        3. Tenant and Itinerant Laborers
      47. Transportation, Communication, Invention
        1. The Black Ball Line
        2. "Squareriggers"
        3. Rainbow
        4. Steamship Navigation Company
        5. Samuel F.B. Morse
        6. Gail Borden
        7. John Deere
        8. Cyrus Hall McCormick
        9. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
      48. Northern Labor
        1. Putting-Out System
        2. Free Labor
        3. Closed Shop
      49. The Lowell Experiment
        1. Samuel Slater
        2. "Waltham System"
        3. Lowell System
        4. Lowell Girls
        5. Seth Luther
        6. The Lowell Offerings
        7. New England Female Labor Reform Association
      50. Varieties of Social Reform
        1. Individualism and Improvement
        1. Alexis de Tocqueville
        2. Charles Grandison Finney
      51. Temperance
        1. American Society for the Promotion of Temperance
        1. Lyman Beecher
      52. American Temperance Union
      53. Martha Washington Societies
      54. Asylums and Prisons
        1. Helen Jewett
        2. Female Moral Reform Society
        3. Dorothea Dix
      55. Family Roles and Education
        1. Catherine Esther Beecher
        1. Treatise on Domestic Economy
      56. Horace Mann
      57. Oberlin College
      58. Women's Rights
        1. Seneca Falls Convention
        1. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
        2. Lucretia Mott
        3. Women's Rights Platform
      59. Susan B. Anthony
      60. Intellectual Currents
        1. Mormons
        1. Joseph Smith
        2. Nauvoo, Illinois
        3. Brigham Young
      61. Millerites
        1. William Miller
      62. Shakers
        1. Mother Ann Lee
      63. Oneida, New York
        1. John Humphrey Noyes
      64. New Harmony, Indiana
        1. Robert Owen
      65. "Phalanxes"
        1. Charles Fourier
      66. American Philosophical Society (APS)
      67. James Fenimore Cooper
      68. Washington Irving
      69. Hudson River School
        1. Thomas Cole
        2. Karl Bodmer
        3. George Catlin
      70. The Transcendentalist
        1. Ralph Waldo Emerson
        2. Henry David Thoreau
        3. Margaret Fuller
        4. Walt Whitman
      71. Nathaniel Hawthorne
      72. Herman Melville

        73. Top



        Chapter 12: Living with Slavery, North and South, 1820-1850

        1. Abolition and Antislavery Movements
        1. Gradual Emancipation and Colonization
        1. American Colonization Society
        1. Liberia
      73. Thomas Jefferson
      74. Frances Wright
        1. Nashoba, Tennessee
      75. Robert Dale Owen
      76. Immediate Emancipation and Rebellion
        1. David Walker
        1. Freedom's Journal
        2. Appeal ... to the Colored Citizens
      77. Frederick Douglass
      78. American Antislavery Society
        1. Theodore Dwight Weld
        1. Lane Theological Seminary
        2. Lyman Beecher
        3. Oberlin College
      79. William Lloyd Garrison
      80. Genius of Universal Emancipation
      81. The Liberator
      82. Arthur Tappan
      83. New England Anti-Slavery Society
      84. American Anti-Slavery Society
      85. Women and Emancipation
        1. Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society
        2. Lucretia Mott
        3. Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society
        4. Maria W. Chapman
        5. Angelina and Sarah Grimke, and Theodore Weld
        6. American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
        7. Sojourner Truth
        8. Harriet Beecher Stowe
        9. Uncle Tom's Cabin
      86. Southern Society
        1. A Distinctive Economy
        1. Alexis de Tocqueville
        2. King Cotton
        3. William Gregg
      87. The Imperative to Expand
      88. "Black Belt"
      89. The Slave Trade
      90. Prohibit Importation
      91. Sell Slaves "Down River"
      92. "Slave Pens"
      93. African-American Culture
        1. Family and Community
        1. Slave Marriages
        2. African Traditions
        3. Religion
      94. Slave Men and Women at Work
        1. "Gang System of Labor"
        2. "Task System of Labor"
        3. Field v. House Slaves
      95. Resistance and Rebellion
        1. Underground Railroad
        2. Harriet Jacobs
        3. Thomas Garrett
        4. Harriet Tubman
        5. Revolts
        1. Gabriel Prosser
        2. Denmark Vesey
        3. Gullah Jack
        4. Nat Turner
      96. Free African-Americans
        1. Union Seminary
        1. John Cook
      97. Successful Free African-Americans
        1. Benjamin Bannaker
        2. Robert Sheridan
        3. Frances Watkins
      98. First African-American Baptist Church
        1. Absalom Jones
      99. First Methodist African-American Church
        1. Richard Allen
      100. Planters and Yeomen
        1. Planters
        1. Paternalism
        2. Plantation Mistress
      101. Yeomen and Tenants
        1. Older Tidewater Region
        2. Democratic Party
        3. Cultural and Economic Gap
      102. Defending Slavery
        1. "Necessary Evil"
        2. Thomas Jefferson's "Wolf Metaphor"
        3. U.S. Constitution
        4. Andrew Jackson's Gag Rule
        5. Elijah P. Lovejoy
        6. 1835 Washington, DC "Snow Storm"
        7. "Peculiar Institution" Justification
        1. James Henry Hammond
        2. William Harper
        3. Thomas R. Dew
        4. George Fitzhugh
        5. John C. Calhoun
      103. Liberty Party
        1. James G. Birney
      104. Hinton Helper
        1. The Impending Crisis of the South

        Top



        Chapter 13: The Westward Experiment, 1820-1850

        1. A Great Transfer of Peoples
        1. Manifest Destiny
        1. John O'Sullivan
        2. Senator Thomas Hart Benton
      105. Sponsors, Entrepreneurs, and Settlers
        1. Fur Trade
        1. John Jacob Astor
        2. Jedediah Smith
      106. Legislation
        1. Land Act of 1820
        2. Preemption Acts of 1830 and 1841
        3. Graduation Act of 1854
      107. Explorers
        1. Zebulon Pike
        2. John C. Fremont
      108. Making the Trip
        1. Independence, Missouri
        2. Clipper Ships of the West
        3. Role of Women
      109. Indian Territory
        1. Removal
        2. Resistance
        3. Reservations
      110. Destinations and Encounters
        1. Mexico and Its Territories
        1. Presidios
        2. Texas
        1. Tejanos
        2. Vaqueros
        3. Moses Austin
        4. Santa Anna
      111. The Alamo and the Republic of Texas
        1. Stephen Austin
        2. The Battle of the Alamo
        1. Davy Crockett
        2. Jim Bowie
        3. Santa Anna
      112. San Jacinto River
        1. Sam Houston
        2. Santa Anna
      113. Oregon
        1. Eliza Farnham
        2. "Oregon Societies"
        3. Horace Greeley
        4. "Oregon Conventions"
      114. California
        1. Precidio System
        2. Mestizos
        3. Californios
        4. Johan Augustus Sutter
      115. Expansion and Sectionalism
        1. Annexation and the Election of 1844
        1. John Tyler
        2. John C. Calhoun
        3. Henry Clay
        4. 1844 Election
        5. Democratic Party
        1. James K. Polk
        2. "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"
      116. Whig Party
        1. Henry Clay
      117. Liberty Party
        1. James G. Birney
      118. Bear Flag Republic
      119. The Mexican-American War
        1. Zachary Taylor
        2. John Slidell
        1. Secret Envoy
      120. John C. Freemont
        1. California
        2. Lansford Hastings
        1. Donner-Reed Party
      121. Colonel Stephen Kearny
        1. Sante Fe
      122. General Winfield Scott
        1. Vera Cruz
      123. Nicholas P. Trist
        1. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
      124. Internal Tensions
        1. Stephen A. Douglas
        2. Henry David Thoreau
        1. "Civil Disobedience"
      125. Ralph Waldo Emerson
      126. John C. Calhoun
      127. The Wilmot Proviso
        1. Daniel Webster
        2. David Wilmot
        3. The Liberty Party
        4. Free-Soil Movement and Party
      128. The Election of 1848
        1. Democratic Party
        1. Lewis Cass
        2. Popular Sovereignty
      129. Whig Party
        1. Zachary Taylor
      130. Free Soil Party
        1. Martin Van Buren
      131. Gold!
        1. James Marshall
        2. "Forty-Niners"
        3. "Chinatowns"
        4. Levi Strauss
        5. Comstocke Lode

        Top



        Chapter 14: The Sectional Challenge, 1848-1860

        1. Territory and Politics
        1. Political Ambiguities
        1. Zachary Taylor
        2. Wilmot Proviso
        3. John C. Calhoun
        4. California
      132. The Compromise of 1850
        1. Henry Clay
        1. Great Pacificator
      133. John C. Calhoun
      134. Daniel Webster
      135. William Henry Seward
      136. Salmon P. Chase
      137. Millard Fillmore
      138. Stephen A. Douglas
      139. "Fire-Eaters"
      140. The Fugitive Slave Act
        1. "Personal Liberty Laws"
        2. Prigg v. Pennsylvania
        3. Underground Railroad
        4. Solomon Northrup
        1. Twelve Years a Slave
      141. Thomas Wentworth Higginson
      142. Anthony Burns
      143. Frederick Douglass
      144. The Election of 1852
        1. Whig Party
        1. Winfield Scott
      145. Democratic Party
        1. Franklin Pierce
      146. Renewed Foreign Expansionism
        1. Matthew Perry
        2. Townshend Harris
        3. "Young America" Movement
        1. Filibustero
        2. Narciso Lopez
      147. Black Warrior
        1. William L. Marcy
      148. Ostend Manifesto
      149. Nicaragua
        1. William Walker
      150. A New Party System Emerges
        1. Kansas-Nebraska Act
        1. Southern Transcontinental Railroad Route
        1. James Gadsden
      151. Northern Transcontinental Railroad Route
        1. Stephen A. Douglas</li>
      152. "Cotton Whigs"
      153. Bleeding Kansas and Know-Nothings
        1. Nativist Organizations
        1. American Party
        2. "Know-Nothings"
      154. Anti-Catholicism
        1. "Slavery, Rum, and Romanism"
      155. Proslavery Towns
        1. David Atchison
        2. Atchison, Leavenworth, and Kickapoo
      156. Free-Soil Settlements
        1. Amos Lawrence
        2. Eli Thayer
        3. Lawrence, Topeka
        4. New England Emigrant Aid Society
      157. Proslavery Raid on Lawrence
      158. Abolitionists Raid on Pottawatomie Creek
        1. John Brown
      159. "Brooks - Sumner Incident"
        1. Preston Brooks
        2. Charles Sumner
      160. The Republican Party
        1. Republican
        2. 1856 Election
        1. Democratic Party
        1. James Buchanan
      161. Republican Party
        1. John C. Fremont
      162. American Party
        1. Millard Fillmore
      163. The Slide into War
        1. Dred Scott
        1. Dred Scott v. Sandford
        1. Dred Scott
        2. John Emerson
        3. Chief Justice Taney
      164. The Lecompton Constitution
        1. President James Buchanan
        2. Senator Stephen A. Douglas
      165. Panic and Depression
        1. Panic of 1857
        2. Tariff Controversy
      166. Lincoln and the Union
        1. Lincoln's Rise
        1. Abraham Lincoln
        2. Mary Todd
        3. Henry Clay
      167. Forging Principles
        1. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
        2. Freeport Doctrine
      168. The Election of 1860
        1. Republican Party
        1. Abraham Lincoln
        2. William H. Seward
      169. Northern Democratic Party
        1. Stephen A. Douglas
      170. Southern Democratic Party
        1. John C. Breckinridge
      171. Constitutional Union Party
        1. John Bell
      172. Disunion
        1. Secession
        2. The Confederate States of America
        1. Jefferson Davis
        2. Alexander Stephens

        Top



        Chapter 15: Transforming the Experiment: The Civil War, 1861-1865

        1. The War Begins, 1861
        1. The Search for Compromise
        1. Crittenden Compromise
        2. Frederick Douglass
      173. The Attack on Fort Sumter
        1. Fort Sumter
        1. Major Robert Anderson
        2. Lincoln and Davis' Presidential Response
        3. General P.G.T. Beauregard
      174. The Battle for the Border States
        1. Delaware, Missouri, Kentucky, and Maryland
        2. Winfield Scott
        3. Jayhawkers v. Bushwhackers
        4. Five Civilized Tribes
        1. John Ross
      175. The Balance of Power
        1. Advantages and Liabilities
        2. Anaconda Plan
        3. Southern American Revolution Analogy
      176. Stalemate on the Battlefield, 1861-1862
        1. First Battle of Bull Run
        1. General Irvin McDowell
        2. General Joseph E. Johnston
        3. General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
      177. The Peninsular Campaign
        1. General George McClellan
        2. General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
        3. General Joseph E. Johnston
        4. General Robert E. Lee
      178. Fighting in the West
        1. General Ulysses S. Grant
        1. Paducah
        2. Fort Henry
        3. Fort Donelson
      179. Battle of Shiloh
        1. General Albert Sidney Johnston
        2. Don Carlos Buell
      180. The Naval War
        1. Admiral David G. Farragut
        2. Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles
        3. Secretary of the Navy Stephen R. Mallory
        4. C.S.S. Hunley
        5. C.S.S. Virginia v. U.S.S. Monitor
        6. C.S.S. Alabama
      181. The Trent Affair and European Neutrality
        1. Charles Wilkes
        2. John Slidell
        3. James M. Mason
        4. Lord Henry Palmerston
      182. Antietam
        1. General Braxton Bragg
        2. General Edmund Kirby-Smith
        3. General John Pope
        4. General George McClellan
        5. General Robert E. Lee
      183. Mobilizing for War, 1861-1863
        1. Raising an Army
        1. "20-Negro Law"
        2. Governor Joseph E. Brown
        3. Congressman Thaddeus Stevens
        4. Opposition to the Draft
      184. Financing the War
        1. Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase
        1. Internal Revenue Act
        2. Legal Tender Act
        3. Greenbacks
      185. Treasury Secretary Christopher Memminger
      186. Presidential Leadership
        1. Abraham Lincoln
        2. Jefferson Davis
      187. War and Civil Liberties
        1. Habeas Corpus
        2. Clement L. Vallandigham
        3. Ex parte Milligan
      188. War and Society, 1861-1865
        1. The Soldier's War
        1. Charles E. King
        2. Prisoner of War Camps
        1. Andersonville
        2. Belle Isle
      189. Desertions
      190. Economic Consequences of the War
        1. Pacific Railway Act
        2. Homestead Act
        3. Morrill Land Grant Act
        4. National Bank Act
      191. Women and the War
        1. U.S. Sanitary Commission
        2. Dorothea Dix
      192. The Decisive Year, 1863
        1. Emancipation Transforms the War
        1. The Emancipation Proclamation
        2. Militia Act
        3. African American Troops
      193. Gettysburg
        1. Fredericksburg
        1. General Ambrose Burnside
        2. General Robert E. Lee
      194. Chancellorsville
        1. General Joseph Hooker
        2. General Robert E. Lee
      195. Gettysburg
        1. General George G. Meade
        2. General Robert E. Lee
        3. General George E. Pickett
      196. Vicksburg and Chattanooga
        1. Vicksburg
        1. General John C. Pemberton
        2. General Ulysses S. Grant
      197. Chattanooga
        1. General Braxton Bragg
        2. General William Rosecrans
      198. A New Experiment in Warfare, 1864-1865
        1. Waging Total War
        1. General Ulysses S. Grant
        2. Sherman's March to the Sea
        3. Spotsylvania Courthouse
        1. Winfield Scott Hancock
      199. The Election of 1864
        1. Union Party
        1. Abraham Lincoln
        2. Andrew Johnson
      200. Radical Democracy
        1. John C. Fremont
      201. Democratic Party
        1. George McClellan
      202. Sherman's March to the Sea
        1. General William T. Sherman
        2. General John Bell Hood
      203. The Collapse of the Confederacy
        1. Alexander Stephens' Delegation
        2. Appomattox Courthouse

        Top



        Chapter 16: Reconstruction and the New South, 1864-1900

        1. Presidential Reconstruction: The First Experiment, 1864-1866
        1. The Legacy of Battle
        1. Ruin and Destruction
        2. Wealth and Prosperity
      204. Lincoln's Plan for Union
        1. Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
        2. Radical Republicans
        1. Charles Sumner
        2. Thaddeus Stevens
      205. Wade-Davis Manifesto
        1. Benjamin Wade
        2. Henry Winter Davis
      206. Freedmen's Bureau
      207. Restoration Under Johnson
        1. Andrew Johnson
        2. Thirteenth Amendment
        3. "Black Codes"
      208. The President versus Congress
        1. Joint Committee of Fifteen on Reconstruction
        2. Civil Rights Act of 1866
        3. Freedmen's Bureau Bill
      209. Congressional Reconstruction: The Radical Experiment, 1866-1870
        1. Citizenship, Equal Protection, and the Franchise
        1. Fourteenth Amendment
        2. 1866 Congressional Elections
        1. "Swing Around the Circle"
        2. "Waving the Bloody Shirt"
      210. First Reconstruction Act
        1. Five Military Districts
      211. "Sherman's Land"
      212. Southern Homestead Act
      213. Fifteenth Amendment
      214. Reconstruction and Women's Suffrage
        1. Equal Rights Association
        1. Susan B. Anthony
        2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
        3. Lucy Stone
      215. National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
      216. American Woman Suffrage Association (ASWA)
        1. Lucy Stone
      217. The Impeachment of a President
        1. Tenure of Office Act
        2. Edwin M. Stanton
        3. Salmon P. Chase
        4. Benjamin Butler
        5. Henry Stanbery
      218. The Radical Experiment in the South, 1865-1872
        1. The Southern Republicans
        1. Hiram Revels
        2. Carpetbaggers
        3. Scalawags
      219. The Republican Program
        1. New Republican Governments
        2. Efforts of Philanthropists
        1. Black Universities in the South
      220. Corruption
      221. The Meaning of Freedom
        1. Role of Religion
        2. Change in Gender Relations
      222. Sharecropping
        1. Tenant Farming
        2. "Contractual Slavery"
      223. President Grant and the Divided North, 1868-1876
        1. Ulysses Grant and the "Spoilsmen"
        1. 1868 Election
        1. Republican Party
        1. Ulysses S. Grant
      224. Democratic Party
        1. Horatio Seymour
      225. Scandals
        1. Jay Gould
        2. Credit Mobilier
        3. "Salary Grab"
        4. Whiskey Ring
        5. Orville E. Babcock
      226. The Liberal Revolt
        1. "Waving the Bloody Shirt"
        2. 1872 Election
        1. Democrats and Liberal Republicans
        1. Horace Greeley
      227. Republicans
        1. Ulysses S. Grant
      228. The Money Question
        1. "Panic of 1873"
        2. Specie Resumption Act
      229. The Failure of Reconstruction, 1870-1877
        1. The South Redeemed
        1. Redeemers
        2. Ku Klux Klan
        3. Enforcement Acts
      230. The Republican Retreat
        1. Slaughterhouse Cases
        2. U.S. v. Cruikshank
        1. Colfax Massacre
      231. U.S. v. Harris
      232. The Compromise of 1877
        1. 1876 Election
        2. Republican Party
        1. Rutherford B. Hayes
      233. Democratic Party
        1. Samuel J. Tilden
      234. Disputed Votes
      235. Joint Electoral Commission
        1. David Davis
        2. Joseph P. Bradley
      236. Compromise of 1877
      237. The New South, 1870-1900
        1. Visions of Industry
        1. "New South"
        2. Henry Grady
        3. Henry Watterson
        4. William H. Harrison, Jr.
      238. "King Cotton" and the Crop-Lien System
        1. Agricultural Credit
        2. Declining Cotton Prices
      239. The Culture of the New South
        1. Joel Chandler Harris
        1. Uncle Remus: His Songs and Sayings
      240. Mark Twain
        1. Tom Sawyer
        2. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
      241. Ruth McEnery Stuart
        1. Simpkinsville
      242. Kate Chopin
        1. The Awakening
      243. Ellen Glasgow
        1. The Deliverance
      244. The Triumph of White Supremacy
        1. Redeemers
        2. Poll Tax
        3. Literacy Tests
        4. Grandfather Clause
        5. "Jim Crow Laws"
        6. Plessy v. Ferguson
        7. Booker T. Washington</li>
          1. "Atlanta Compromise"

        Top



        Chapter 17: Conquering the West, 1862-1900

        1. The Westward Experiment
        1. The New Migrants
        1. California and Oregon
        2. Foreign and Native-Born Migrants
      245. The Homestead Act of 1862
        1. Timber Culture Act
        2. Desert Land Act
        3. Timber and Stone Act
        4. United States v. Reynolds
      246. The Railroad and Western Expansion
        1. Promontory Point, Utah
        2. Grenville Dodge
      247. The Assault on Native American Cultures
        1. The Plains Indians
        1. Southwestern Tribes
        2. Central Plains Tribes
        3. Northern Great Plains Tribes
      248. The Indian Wars
        1. Treaty of Fort Laramie
        2. Sand Creek
        1. Chief Black Kettle
        2. John M. Chivington
        3. Nelson A. Miles
      249. William J. Fetterman
      250. William T. Sherman
      251. Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek
      252. Second Treaty of Fort Laramie
      253. Colonel George Custer
      254. Battle of Little Bighorn
        1. Colonel George Custer
        2. "Custer's Avengers"
      255. "Reforming" the Indians
        1. Helen Hunt Jackson
        1. Century of Dishonor
      256. Women's National Indian Association (WNIA)
        1. Indian Rights Association
      257. Henry Dawes
        1. Dawes General Allotment Act
      258. "Last Arrow" Pageants
      259. Experiments in Resource Exploitation
        1. The Mining Frontier
        1. Comstock Lode
        2. Coeur d'Alene
      260. Cattle Kingdom
        1. Joseph McCoy
        1. Chisholm Trail
        2. Abilene
      261. Role of Mexicans and African Americans
      262. Role of Eastern Investors
        1. William Rockefeller
        2. William K. Vanderbilt
        3. Theodore Roosevelt
      263. Short-Lived Boom Period
      264. Cultivating the Land
        1. Joseph F. Glidden
        1. Barbed Wire
      265. "Dry Farming" Techniques
      266. Oklahoma
        1. "Sooners"
      267. Timber and the Origins of Conservation
        1. Henry George
        1. Progress and Poverty
      268. John Muir
        1. Forest Reserve Act
      269. Society in the West: Experiment and Imitation
        1. Western Towns and Cities
        1. Frontier Entertainment
        1. John Hardey v. John Shannessy
        2. John Robinson
      270. Gunfighters
        1. John Wesley Hardin
        2. Doc Holliday
        3. Bat Masterson
        4. Wyatt Earp
      271. Frontier Women
        1. Eliza Farnham
        1. California, Indoors and Out
      272. The Hardships of Farm Life
        1. Western Climate
        2. Role of Women
      273. Racism in the West: The Chinese
        1. Chinatown
        2. Anti-Coolie Clubs
      274. The Hispanic Heritage in the Southwest
        1. Californios
        1. Foreign Miners Tax
      275. Hispanos
        1. Las Gorras Blancas
      276. The West and the American Imagination
        1. "The Myth of the Garden"
        1. Henry Nash Smith
        2. Hamlin Garland
        3. Edward L. Wheeler
        1. Deadwood Dick
      277. Theodore Roosevelt
        1. The Winning of the West
      278. Edward Zane Carroll Judson
        1. Buffalo Bill Cody
        1. Sitting Bull
        2. Annie Oakley
      279. The End of the Frontier
        1. Frederick Jackson Turner
        2. William H. D. Koerner
        3. The Great Train Robbery

        Top



        Chapter 18: The Industrial Experiment, 1865-1900

        1. The Setting for Industrial Expansion
        1. Technological Innovation
        1. Alexander Graham Bell
        2. Bessemer and Open Hearth Process
      280. Thomas Edison and the "Invention Business"
        1. Thomas Edison
        1. Menlo Park
      281. William Stanley
      282. Wilbur and Orville Wright
      283. George Westinghouse
      284. Nikola Tesla
      285. Charles Brush
      286. The Railroads
        1. Technological Improvements
        1. Air Brakes
        2. Automatic Car Coupler
        3. Pullman Sleeping Car
      287. Role of Government
      288. Role of Wall Street
      289. The New Consumer Society
        1. Department Stores
        1. A. T. Stewart
        2. Macy's
        3. Wanamaker's
        4. Gimbel's
        5. Marshall Fields
      290. Chain Stores
        1. Kroger
        2. Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A & P)
        3. Woolworth's
      291. Mail-Order Catalogs
        1. Montgomery Ward's
      292. The New Industrial Order
        1. Managing the New Industrial Empire
        1. Vertical Integration
        1. Gustavus Swift
      293. Horizontal Integration
        1. Railroad Industry
      294. Titans of Industry: Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan
        1. Andrew Carnegie
        1. J. Edgar Thomson Steel Works
      295. John D. Rockefeller
        1. Standard Oil Trust
      296. James Buchanan Duke
        1. American Tobacco Company
      297. Henry O. Havemeyer
        1. Sugar Trust
      298. J. Pierpont Morgan
        1. House of Morgan
      299. A Business Culture
        1. Adam Smith
        1. The Wealth of Nations
        2. "Invisible Hand"
      300. Charles Darwin
        1. The Origin of Species
      301. William Graham Sumner
      302. Social Darwinism
      303. The Gospel of Success and Its Critics
        1. Andrew Carnegie
        1. "The Gospel of Wealth"
      304. Horatio Alger
        1. "Rags to Riches"
      305. Edward Bellamy
        1. Looking Backward
      306. Henry George
        1. Progress and Poverty
      307. Regulating the Trusts
        1. Interstate Commerce Act
        2. Sherman Antitrust Act
      308. The Changing World of Work
        1. The Factory System
        1. Frederick W. Taylor
        1. Scientific Management
      309. Disciplined Work Environment
      310. Dreams of Social Mobility
        1. Robert Hunter
        1. Poverty
      311. The New Working People
        1. Immigrants in the Workplace
        2. Changing Role of Women in Industry
        3. Child Labor
        4. African Americans in the Workforce
      312. The House of Labor
        1. The Origins of Industrial Unionism
        1. International Workingmen's Association
        2. National Labor Union (NLU)
        1. William Sylvis
      313. Colored National Labor Union (CNLU)
      314. "Great Railway Strike"
      315. The Knights of Labor
        1. Terence V. Powderly
        2. Haymarket Square Riot
        1. McCormick Reaper Works
        2. Governor Peter Altgeld
      316. The American Federation of Labor (AFL)
        1. Samuel Gompers
        2. Skilled Workers
        3. Philosophy of "More"

        Top



        Chapter 19: The New Urban Nation, 1865-1910

        1. The Birth of the Modern City
        1. City People: Migrants and Immigrants
        1. Migration of African Americans
        2. "New Immigrants"
        3. Nation's Industrial Core
      317. Immigrant Communities
        1. Urban Enclaves
        2. Role of the Family
        3. Role of the Church
        4. Mutual Aid Societies
        5. Role of Saloons
      318. The Transportation Revolution
        1. Mass Transit
        1. Omnibus
        2. Electric Street Cars or Trolleys
        3. Mass Transit
        4. Commuter Trains
        5. Subways
      319. Suburbs
        1. Balloon-Frame Houses
      320. City Neighborhoods
        1. Skyscrapers
        1. Woolworth Building
        2. Chrysler Building
        3. Empire State Building
      321. Barons of Industry
        1. William Clark
      322. Tenement Houses
      323. Lewis Mumford
        1. Sticks and Stones
      324. Red-Light Districts
        1. Storyville
        2. Barbary Coast
      325. Segregated Neighborhoods
        1. Hyde Park
      326. The Urban Environment
        1. Toll of Disease
        2. Great Chicago Fire
        3. Soaring Crime Rates
        1. Baxter Street Dudes
        2. Daybreak Boys
      327. Government Attempts to Protect Public Health
      328. City Politics
        1. Machine Politics
        2. William M. Tweed
        1. Tammany Hall
      329. Alexander R. Shepherd
        1. Washington, DC
      330. New Experiments in Culture
        1. A Democracy of Amusement
        1. Vaudeville
        2. Amusement Parks
      331. Spectator Sports
        1. Boxing
        1. John L. Sullivan
        2. James J. Corbett
      332. Baseball
        1. Knickerbocker Club
        2. William H. Cammeyer
        3. National League of Professional Baseball Clubs
        4. Segregated and Integrated Teams
        1. St. Louis Browns Incident
      333. The Metropolitan Press
        1. New York World
        1. Joseph Pulitzer
      334. San Francisco Call
        1. William Randolph Hearst
      335. Jewish Daily Forward
        1. Most Popular Immigrant Newspaper
      336. Literature and the Arts
        1. Mark Twain
        1. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
      337. Frank Norris
        1. The Octopus
      338. Theodore Dreiser
        1. Sister Carrie
      339. George Luks
        1. Hester Street
      340. George Bellows
        1. Cliff Dwellers
      341. Challenging Domesticity
        1. "Cult of Domesticity "
        2. Reduced Birthrate
        3. Rising Divorce Rate
        4. All Women's College
        5. Women in the Workforce
        6. Changing Role of African American Women
        1. Nannie Helen Burroughs
        2. Josephine Ruffin
      342. "Gibson Girl" Image
        1. Charles Dana Gibson
      343. The Persistence of Piety
        1. Defending "American" Culture
        1. Josiah Strong
        1. Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis
      344. Middle Class Reaction to Immigrants
        1. Antiabortion Laws
        2. Etiquette Manuals
      345. Cultural and Reform Initiatives
        1. Museums
        2. Art Galleries
        3. City Beautiful Movement
        4. Public Parks
        1. Frederick Law Olmsted
      346. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle
        1. John Vincent
      347. Salvation Army
        1. William Booth
      348. The Purity Crusades
        1. Comstock Law
        1. Anthony Comstock
      349. Anti-Saloon League
      350. American Protection Association (APA)
      351. Immigration Restriction League
      352. Public Education
        1. Americanizing Immigrants
        2. The Morrill Act and the Land-Grant Colleges
        3. Role of Industrial Philanthropists

        Top



        Chapter 20: State and Society, 1877-1900

        1. The Politics of Stalemate
        1. The Failure of Politics
        1. The Gilded Age
        2. Republican Party
        1. "Half-Breeds"
        1. James G. Blaine
      353. "Stalwarts"
        1. Roscoe Conkling
      354. Democratic Party
        1. Southern Support
        2. "New Departure"
        3. Urban Political Machines
      355. Third-Parties
        1. Prohibition Parties
        2. Anti-Monopoly Parties
        3. Greenback Party
        4. Populist Party
      356. The Limits of National Government
        1. The Millionaire's Club
        2. Gilded Age Presidents
      357. The Issues: Patronage, Money, and Tariffs
        1. "Greenbacks"
        2. 16:1 Ratio
      358. National Politics from Hayes to Harrison
        1. Republicans in Power
        1. Rutherford B. Hayes
        1. Lemonade Lucy
        2. Specie Resumption Act
        3. B & O Railroad Strike
      359. James A. Garfield
        1. Defeated Winfield Scott Hancock in 1880
        2. Assassinated by Charles Guiteau in 1881
      360. Chester A. Arthur
        1. Pendleton Civil Service Act
        2. Supported Tariff Reduction
        3. Prosecuted the Star Route Frauds
      361. The Election of 1884
        1. Republican Party
        1. James G. Blaine
        2. Mugwumps
      362. Democratic Party
        1. Grover Cleveland
      363. "Black Wednesday"
      364. Grover Cleveland: A Democrat in the White House
        1. Use of the Veto Power
        2. Increased Role of Civil Service
      365. The Election of 1888
        1. Democratic Party
        1. Grover Cleveland
      366. Republican Party
        1. Benjamin Harrison
        2. Last-Minute Campaign Trick
        3. John Wanamaker
      367. Harrison and the Billion Dollar Majority
        1. Sherman Silver Purchase Act
        2. McKinley Tariff
        3. Federal Election Bill
        4. Sherman Antitrust Act
        5. Dependent Pension Act
        6. "Billion Dollar Congress"
      368. Agrarian Revolt
        1. The Farmer's Discontent
        1. National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
        1. Oliver Hudson Kelley
      369. Grangers
        1. Montgomery Ward
      370. Munn v. Illinois
      371. The Alliance Movement of the 1880s
        1. National Alliance Exchanges
        1. Mary Elizabeth Lease
      372. Colored Farmers' Alliance
      373. Northwestern Alliance
      374. Southern Farmers Alliance
        1. Thomas Watson
      375. The Populist Party, 1892
        1. People's Party of America
        1. James Baird Weaver
      376. Democratic Party
        1. Grover Cleveland
      377. Republican Party
        1. Benjamin Harrison
      378. The Crisis of the 1890s
        1. The Depression of 1893
        1. Interdependent Economy
        2. Overextended Banks
        3. "Industrial Black Friday"
      379. Social Unrest: Coxey's Army and the Pullman Strike
        1. Coxey's Army
        1. Jacob Coxey
      380. Homestead Strike
        1. Andrew Carnegie
        2. Henry Clay Frick
      381. Pullman Strike
        1. American Railway Union
        2. Eugene Debs
        3. Richard Olney
        4. John Peter Altgeld
      382. Depression Politics
        1. Repeal Sherman Silver Purchase Act
        2. Wilson-Gorman Act
        3. Pollock v. Farmers Loan and Trust
      383. The Republican Triumph: The Election of 1896
        1. Democrats and Populists
        1. "Cross of Gold" Speech
        2. William Jennings Bryan
        3. Arthur Sewall
        4. John M. Palmer
        5. Populist's Fusionist Strategy
        6. Thomas Watson
      384. The Election of 1896
        1. Republican Party
        1. William McKinley
        2. Garret A. Hobart
        3. Mark Hanna
      385. The McKinley Presidency
        1. Dingley Tariff
        2. Gold Standard Act of 1900

        Top



        Chapter 21: The Progressive Era, 1889-1916

        1. The Rise of Progressivism
        1. The Challenge to Social Darwinism
        1. William James
        1. Principles of Psychology
      386. Lester Frank Ward
        1. Dynamic Sociology
      387. Thorstein Veblen
        1. A Theory of the Leisure Class
      388. Charles A. Beard
        1. Economic Interpretation of the Constitution
      389. John Dewey
        1. Democracy and Education
      390. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
        1. The Common Law
      391. Louis D. Brandeis
        1. Muller v. Oregon
      392. Charles Sheldon
        1. In His Steps
      393. Walter Rauschenbusch
        1. Christianity and the Social Crisis
      394. Women and Social Justice
        1. Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
        2. National Congress of Mothers
        3. Women's Trade Union League
        4. Young Women's Christian Association
        5. National Association of Colored Women
        1. Mary Church Terrell
      395. National Consumers League
        1. Florence Kelley
      396. Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
      397. The Muckrakers
        1. Theodore Roosevelt
        2. Ida Tarbell
        3. Lincoln Steffens
        4. Ray Standard Baker
        5. David Graham Phillip
        6. Upton Sinclair
      398. The New Professions
        1. National Education Association
        2. National Federation of Settlements
        3. National Association of Manufacturers
        4. United States Chamber of Commerce
        5. American Medical Association
      399. The Appeal of Progressivism
        1. The "Great Light"
        2. Common Social Philosophy
        3. Walter Weyl
        1. The New Democracy
      400. Political Reform
        1. Reforming the City
        1. Commission Form of Government
        1. Galveston, Texas
      401. City Manager
        1. Staunton, Virginia
      402. Reform-Minded Mayors
        1. Hazen Pingree
        2. Samuel Jones
        3. Tom Johnson
      403. Reform in the States
        1. Wisconsin
        1. Robert M. La Follette
      404. New York
        1. Charles Evans Hughes
      405. New Jersey
        1. Woodrow Wilson
      406. California
        1. Hiram Johnson
      407. Seventeenth Amendment
      408. Women's Suffrage
        1. National American Woman Suffrage Association
        1. Carrie Chapman Catt
      409. Progressive Party
        1. Jane Addams
      410. Nineteenth Amendment
      411. Controlling the Masses
        1. Anti-Saloon League
        2. Eighteenth Amendment
        3. Mann Act
        1. "White Slavery"
      412. Gentlemen's Agreement of 1908
      413. Social Tensions in an Age of Reform
        1. African-American Activism in the Progressive Era
        1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
        1. Niagara Movement
        2. Guinn v. United States
        3. Buchanan v. Worley
      414. Lynchings
        1. United States v. Shipps
      415. Women's Loyal Union
        1. Ida Wells-Barnett
      416. "Talented Tenth"
        1. W.E.B. Du Bois
      417. Radical Reformers
        1. Socialist Party
        1. Eugene Debs
      418. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
        1. William Haywood
      419. Feminism
        1. Emma Goldman
        1. Mother Earth
      420. Charlotte Perkins Gilman
        1. Women and Economics
      421. Margaret Sanger
        1. Contraception
      422. The Progressive Presidents
        1. TR
        1. "Rough Riders" Image
        2. "Bully Pulpit"
        3. "Trustbuster"
        4. Teddy Bear
        5. Legislative Accomplishments
        1. Expedition Act
        2. Department of Commerce and Labor
        3. Elkins Act
        4. Pure Food and Drug Act
        5. Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act
      423. 1904 Election
        1. TR
        2. Alton b. Parker
      424. The Jungle
        1. Upton Sinclair
        2. Meat Inspection Act
      425. Environmentalist
        1. John Muir
        2. Gifford Pinchot
      426. Taft and the Divided Republicans
        1. Trustbuster
        2. Payne-Aldrich Tariff
        3. Feud with Joseph Cannon
        4. Ballinger - Pinchot Affair
      427. Whose Progressivism? The Presidential Campaign of 1912
        1. Republican Party
        1. William Howard Taft
      428. Progressive Party
        1. Theodore Roosevelt
        1. New Nationalism
      429. Democratic Party
        1. Woodrow Wilson
        1. New Freedom
      430. Socialist Party
        1. Eugene Debs
      431. Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom
        1. Progressive Legislative Initiatives
        1. Underwood Tariff Act
        2. Federal Reserve Act
      432. Regulation of Trusts
        1. Federal Trade Commission
        2. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
      433. Appointment of Louis D. Brandeis
      434. Status of African Americans

        435. Top



        Chapter 22: The Experiment in American Empire, 1865-1917

        1. The Roots of Expansion
        1. Gilded Age Diplomacy
        1. Secretary of State William H. Seward
        1. Annexation of Midway Island
        2. "Seward's Folly"
      435. Secretary of State Hamilton Fish
        1. Virginius Incident
        2. Alabama Claims
        1. Charles Sumner
      436. The New Manifest Destiny
        1. Orville Platt
        2. Albert Beveridge
        3. Josiah Strong
        1. Our Country
      437. Frederick Jackson Turner
        1. "The Frontier is Closed"
      438. Theodore Roosevelt
      439. Henry Cabot Lodge
      440. Alfred Thayer Mahan
        1. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
        2. Secretary of the Navy Benjamin F. Tracy
        3. Naval Act of 1890
      441. Seeds of Empire
        1. Secretary of State James G. Blaine
        1. First International American Conference
        2. U.S.S. Baltimore Incident
      442. Secretary of State Richard L. Olney
        1. Venezuela and British Guiana Border Dispute
        2. Treaty of Washington
      443. Hawaii and Samoa
        1. Hawaii
        1. 1875 Reciprocal Trade Agreement
        2. "Bayonet Constitution"
        3. American Minister John L. Stevens
        4. USS Boston
        5. Queen Liliuokalani's Resistance
        6. James H. Blount's Investigation
      444. Samoa
        1. Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard
        2. U.S. Trading and Military Rights
        3. Secretary of State Walter Q. Gresham
        4. Tripartite Protectorate
      445. War and World Responsibilities, 1898-1901
        1. Origins of the Spanish-American War
        1. Cuban Revolt
        1. General Valeriano "The Butcher" Weyler
        1. Reconcentrados
      446. "Yellow Journalism"
        1. William Randolph Hearst
        2. Joseph Pulitzer
      447. William McKinley's Foreign Policy Dilemma
        1. de Lome Letter
        2. U.S.S. Maine Incident
      448. Demand for War!
        1. Theodore Roosevelt
        2. Redfield Proctor
      449. Teller Amendment
      450. "A Splendid Little War"
        1. Role of African American Troops
        2. Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt's Plan
        1. Commodore George Dewey
      451. Battles
        1. Guantanamo Bay
        2. El Caney
        3. San Juan Hill
        4. Kettle Hill
        1. "Rough Riders"
      452. Santiago
      453. Terms of the Peace Treaty
      454. Managing the New American Empire
        1. The Philippines Questions
        1. Anti-Imperialist League
        1. Grover Cleveland
        2. Jane Addams
        3. Samuel Gompers
        4. Andrew Carnegie
        5. George Hoar
        6. Charles Sumner
      455. Shifting Role of Emilio Aguinaldo
      456. "Governor" William Howard Taft
      457. Post-War Cuba
        1. General Leonard Wood
        2. Platt Amendment
      458. Puerto Rico
        1. Foraker Act
        2. Insular Cases
      459. The Open Door to China
        1. Secretary of State John Hay
        1. "Open Door" Notes
      460. "Boxer Rebellion"
      461. Theodore Roosevelt and the "Big Stick", 1901-1912
        1. "I Took the Canal"
        1. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty</li>
        2. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
        3. Panama Canal Company
        1. William Nelson Cromwell
      462. Hay-Herran Treaty
      463. The Roosevelt Corollary
        1. Crisis in the Dominican Republic
        2. A Historic Departure from the Monroe Doctrine
      464. Japan and the Open Door
        1. President Theodore Roosevelt
        1. Convened the Portsmouth Peace Conference
        2. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
        3. "Great White Fleet"
        4. Root-Takahiri Agreement
      465. Dollar Diplomacy
        1. President William Howard Taft
        2. Secretary of State Philander C. Knox
        3. Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
      466. The New Freedom Abroad
        1. Woodrow Wilson and World Power
        1. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan
        1. "Cooling-Off" Treaties
      467. The Far East
        1. Tokyo's "Twenty-One Demands" on China
        2. Lansing-Ishii Agreement
      468. Central America and the Caribbean
        1. Marines Sent to Dominican Republic
        2. Marines Sent to Haiti
      469. The Mexican Revolution
        1. General Victoriano Huerta
        2. Rival Mexican Leader Venustiano Carranza
        3. Anti-Carranza LeaderFrancisco "Pancho" Villa
        4. General John J. Pershing's Mission to Capture Villa

        Top



        Chapter 23: Making the World Safe for Democracy: America and World War I, 1914-1920

        1. The Road to War, 1914-1917
        1. American Neutrality
        1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
        2. European Alliances
        1. Triple Alliance
        2. Triple Entente
      470. American Neutrality
      471. President Woodrow Wilson
      472. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan
      473. Dismantling of Neutrality
        1. American Loans
        2. Lusitania
        3. Gore-McLemore Resolutions
        4. Secretary of State Robert Lansing
        5. Arabic Pledge
        6. Sussex Pledges
      474. Peace, Preparedness, and the 1916 Election
        1. Preparedness
        1. Naval Construction Act
        2. Naval Defense Act
      475. Peace
        1. Women's Peace Party
        1. Jane Adams
        2. Carrie Chapman
      476. Congressional Peace Advocates
        1. Robert La Follette
        2. George Norris
      477. Presidential Election of 1916
        1. Democratic Party
        1. Woodrow Wilson
      478. Republican Party
        1. Charles Evans Hughes
      479. "Peace Without Victory"
      480. Wilson Defines American Goals and Principles
        1. The Decision to Go to War
        1. Zimmermann Telegram
        2. Laconia Incident
        3. Russian Revolution
      481. The Opposition to War
        1. George Norris
        2. Jeannette Rankin
      482. War, Mobilization, and Progressive Reform, 1916-1919
        1. Creating an Army
        1. "Selective Service"
        2. Draft Evasion
        3. Treatment of African American Soldiers
        1. Charles Young
        2. 1917 Houston Incident
      483. Role of IQ Tests
      484. Role of Committee on Training Camp Activities
      485. Regulating the Economy
        1. Food Administration
        1. Herbert Hoover
      486. Fuel Administration
        1. Harry Garfield
      487. Railroad Administration
        1. William Gibbs McAdoo
      488. Liberty Bond Drives
      489. War Industries Board (WIB)
        1. Bernard Baruch
      490. Workers and the War
        1. Mediation Commission
        1. Felix Frankfurter
      491. National War Labor Board (WLB)
      492. United States Housing Corporation (USHC)
      493. Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC)
      494. Discriminative Labor Practices
      495. African-American Migration
      496. The Search for National Unity
        1. Committee on Public Information
        1. George Creel
        2. "Four-Minute Men"
      497. Legislating Unity
        1. Espionage Act
        2. Trading with the Enemy Act
        3. Alien Act
        4. Sedition Act
      498. Violation of Civil Rights and Liberties
        1. Max Eastman
        2. Victor Berger
        3. Eugene Debs
        4. Robert Prager
        5. Roger Baldwin
        1. ACLU
      499. Supreme Court Looks the Other Way
        1. Schenck v. U.S.
        2. Abrams v. U.S.
      500. Prohibition and Suffrage
        1. The Fight Against Alcohol
        1. Anti-Saloon League
        2. Volstead Act
      501. The Fight For the Vote
      502. National American Woman Suffrage Association
        1. Carrie Chapman Catt
      503. National Woman's Party
        1. Alice Paul
      504. Nineteenth Amendment
      505. Making War and Peace, 1917-1919
        1. "Days of Hell"
        1. American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
        1. General John J. Pershing
      506. Battles
        1. Belleau Wood
        2. Verdun
        3. Argonne Forest
      507. Negotiating the Peace Treaty
        1. The "Big Four"
        1. President Woodrow Wilson
        1. Fourteen Points
      508. French Premier Georges Clemenceau
      509. British Prime Minister David Lloyd George
      510. Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
      511. Versailles Treaty
      512. The Fight Over Ratification
        1. League of Nations
        1. Article X Collective Security Provision
      513. Reservationists
        1. Henry Cabot Lodge
        2. Robert La Follette
        3. Hiram Johnson
      514. President Wilson's Stroke
      515. An Uncertain Peace, 1919-1920
        1. Unsettled Times
        1. Epidemics
        2. Racism
        3. Scandals
        1. "Shoeless Joe" Jackson
      516. Strikes
        1. Calvin Coolidge
      517. The Red Scare
        1. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
        2. Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover
        3. 1919 Bombings
        4. New York Call Incident
        5. Deportation of Emma Goldman
      518. The Election of 1920
        1. Democratic Party
        1. James M. Cox
        2. Franklin D. Roosevelt
      519. Republican Party
        1. Warren G. Harding
        2. Calvin Coolidge

        Top



        Chapter 24: The New Era, 1920-1928

        1. The Modern Age
        1. The New Economy
        1. Increased Manufacturing Output
        2. Assembly Line
        1. Henry Ford
      520. Electricity
      521. Famous "Firsts"
      522. Growth of Suburbs
      523. Construction of Skycrapers
        1. Empire State Building
      524. Advertising
        1. Ivy Lee
      525. Credit
      526. Bruce Barton
        1. The Man Nobody Knows
      527. Mass Communications and Mass Culture
        1. Movies
        1. Clara Bow
        2. Charlie Chaplin
        3. Rudolph Valentino
      528. Radio
        1. KDKA
        2. NBC
        3. CBS
      529. Spectator Sports and the Cult of Individualism
        1. Boxing
        1. Gene Tunney
        2. Jack Dempsey
      530. Baseball
        1. Lou Gehrig
        2. Rogers Hornsby
        3. Babe Ruth
        4. Negro Baseball League
        1. "Smokey Joe" Williams
        2. "Bullet" Joe Rogan
        3. Oscar Charleston
      531. Football
          532. Harold Edward "Red" Grange
        1. Tennis
          1. Helen Wills
        2. 1924 Olympics
          1. Johnny Weissmuller
        3. The Limits of Prosperity
          1. Robert and Helen Lynd
          1. Muncie, Indiana Study
        4. William Howard Taft
          1. Anti-Union Decisions
        5. William Green , AFL President
        6. The Culture of Dissent
          1. The New Morality and the New Woman
          1. Flapper Image
          2. Margaret Sanger
          1. Happiness in Marriage
        7. Sigmund Freud
          1. Id, Ego, and Superego
        8. Sheppard-Towner Act
        9. Feminist Debate
          1. League of Women Voters (LWV)
          2. National Woman's Party (NWP)
        10. Discontent of the Intellectuals
          1. Lost Generation Writers
          1. Ernest Hemingway
          1. The Sun Also Rises
        11. F. Scott Fitzgerald
          1. This Side of Paradise
        12. Henry Louis Mencken
          1. The American Mercury
        13. Sinclair Lewis
          1. Main Street
        14. Poets
          1. Hart Crane
          2. E.E. Cummings
          3. William Carlos Williams
        15. Groundbreaking Works
          1. Franz Boas
          1. The Mind of Primitive Man
        16. Ruth Benedict
          1. Patterns of Culture
        17. John Dos Passos
          1. U.S.A.
        18. Robert and Helen Lynd
          1. Middletown
        19. New Visions in Black America
          1. Marcus Garvey
          1. Negro World
          2. Black Star Line
          3. United Negro Improvement Association
        20. A. Philip Randolph
          1. Messenger
          2. Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
        21. Harlem Renaissance
          1. Langston Hughes
          2. Alaine Locke
        22. Harlem Jazz and Art
          1. Louis Armstrong
          2. Edward "Duke" Ellington
          3. Aaron Douglas
          4. Archibald Motley, Jr.
        23. The Guardians
          1. The Revival of Nativism
          1. Theory of Eugenics
          2. Johnson-Reed Immigration Act
          3. Sacco & Vanzetti Case
        24. The "New" Klan
          1. William J. Simmons
          2. Growth in the Midwest
          3. The Birth of the Nation
          4. Role of Women in the KKK
          5. David Stephenson
        25. Fundamentalism
          1. Scopes Trial
          1. John Scopes
          2. Clarence Darrow
          3. William Jennings Bryan
        26. Role of Fundamentalist Ministers
          1. Billy Sunday
          2. Aimee Semple McPherson
          1. "The Sunshine Hour"
        27. The Unintended Consequences of Prohibition
          1. "Speakeasies"
          2. Crime
          1. Al "Scarface" Capone
          2. "Machine Gun" Jack McGurn
          3. George "Bugsy" Moran
        28. Republicans in Power
          1. Republican Ascendancy
          1. President Warren G. Harding
          1. "Normalcy"
          2. "Ohio Gang"
          3. Scandals
          1. Charles R. Forbes
          2. Jesse Smith
          3. Albert Fall
          1. Teapot Dome
        29. Vice-President Calvin Coolidge
          1. "Silent Cal"
        30. Presidential Cabinet
          1. Harry Daugherty
          2. William Humphrey
          3. Andrew Mellon
          4. Herbert Hoover
        31. Divided Democrats
          1. 1924 Election
          2. Democratic Party
          1. John Davis
          2. Charles W. Bryan
        32. Republican Party
          1. Calvin Coolidge
          2. Charles Dawes
        33. Progressive Party
          1. Robert M. La Follette
        34. Commercial Diplomacy
          1. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes
          1. "Pax Americana"
        35. Secretary of State Frank Kellogg
          1. Kellogg-Briand Pact
        36. Dawes Plan
        37. Al Smith and the 1928 Election
          1. Democratic Party
          1. Al Smith
          2. Joseph G. Robinson
        38. Republican Party
          1. Herbert Hoover

          Top



          Chapter 25: "Fear Itself": Crash, Depression, and the New Deal, 1929-1938

          1. The Great Depression
          1. The Crash
          1. "Black Thursday"
          2. Bank Failures
          3. German Reparations
        39. Hard Times
          1. Unemployment and Homelessness
          2. Breadlines and Soup Kitchens
          3. Blurring of Gender Roles Within the Family
          4. Hardship and Racism for African-Americans and Mexican-Americans
          5. "Dust Bowl"
          1. Okies
          2. The Grapes of Wrath
        40. Hoover Faces the Depression
          1. American Relief Administration
          2. Governmental Intervention
          1. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
          2. Federal Home Loan Bank Act
          3. Glass-Steagall Act
        41. "Hoover Depression"
          1. Hoovervilles
          2. Bonus Army and the Battle of Anacostia Flats
          1. Douglas MacArthur
        42. New Deal Experiment, 1933-1938
          1. FDR and the 1932 Election
          1. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
          2. 1932 Election
          Democrats
          1. FDR
          2. John Nance Garner (pdf)
          3. "Forgotten Man"
        43. Republicans
          1. Herbert Hoover
        44. The First Hundred Days
          1. Banking
          1. "Bank Holiday"
          2. Emergency Banking Act
          3. Fireside Chats
          4. Second Glass-Steagall Banking Act
          5. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
        45. Economy Act
        46. Beer-Wine Revenue Act
        47. Relief and Recovery
          1. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
          2. Public Works Administration (PWA)
          3. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
          1. Harry Hopkins
        48. Civil Works Administration (CWA)
        49. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
          1. Henry A. Wallace
          2. Butler v. U.S.
        50. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
          1. National Recovery Administration (NRA)
          1. Blue Eagle
          2. Schechter v. U.S.
        51. Public Electric Power and Water Projects
          1. Hoover Dam
          2. All-American Canal
          3. Grand Coulee Dam
        52. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
        53. Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
        54. Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
        55. Attacks from the Left and Right
          1. H. L. Mencken
          2. Father Charles Coughlin
          1. "The Radio Priest"
        56. Critical of the "Pagan Deal"
        57. Dr. Francis E. Townsend
        58. Proposed a "Transaction Tax"
        59. Huey Long
          1. Louisiana Governor and U.S. Senator
          2. "Share Our Wealth" Plan
          3. Successor - Gerald L. K. Smith
        60. Upton Sinclair
          1. Socialist Muckraker
          2. California Democratic Gubernatorial Candidate
          3. End Poverty in California (EPIC)
        61. Floyd Olson
          1. Minnesota Governor
        62. The Second New Deal
          1. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
          1. Senator Robert Wagner
          2. "Labor's Magna Carta"
          3. National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
        63. Social Security Act
        64. Emergency Relief Appropriation Act (ERA)
          1. Works Progress Administration (WPA)
          1. Harry Hopkins
          2. Federal Music and Theater Projects
          1. John Houseman
          2. Orson Welles
        65. Federal Writers Project
          1. Richard Wright
          2. John Steinbeck
          3. American Guide Series
          4. Life in America Series
        66. The 1936 Election
          1. Republican Party
          1. Alfred M. "Alf" Landon
          1. Kansas Governor
        67. Union Party
          1. Third-Party Followers of Long, Coughlin, and Townsend
        68. Democratic Party
          1. FDR
          2. New Roosevelt Coalition
          3. Landslide Victory
        69. The Decline of the New Deal
          1. FDR's Second Term
          2. "Court Packing" Plan
          1. "The Constitutional Revolution of 1937"
          1. Justice Owen Roberts
        70. 1937-1938 Economic Recession
        71. Keynesian Economic Policy
        72. 1938 Mid-Term Elections
          1. Reduced Federal Funding for Domestic Programs
        73. Depression Culture, 1929-1938
          Social Realism and Social Escape During the 1930s
          1. Literature
          1. John Dos Passos's Big Money
          2. James T. Farrell's Studs Lonigan Trilogy
          3. Richard Wright's Native Son
          4. Clifford Odets's Waiting for Lefty
          5. William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying and Light in August
          6. John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath
          7. Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind
        74. Art
          1. Jacob Lawrence's The Migration of the Negro
          2. Fourteenth Street School of New York
          1. Reginald Marsh
          2. Edward Hopper
        75. Photography
          1. James Agee's & Walker Evans's; Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
          2. Dorothea Lange
          3. Marion Post Wolcott
        76. Entertaining the Masses
          1. Games and Fads
          1. First All-American Soapbox Derby
          2. Monopoly
        77. Escapism
          1. Superman
          2. Reader's Digest
          3. Chicago "Century of Progress" Exposition
          4. 1939 New York World's Fair
        78. Sports
          1. Joe Louis, "The Brown Bomber"
          2. Jesse Owens, "The Ebony Antelope"
          3. Negro Baseball League
          1. Satchel Paige
          2. Josh Gibson
        79. Movies
          1. Horror Pictures
          2. Frankenstein
          3. Gangster Films
          4. The Public Enemy
          5. Comedies
          1. W. C. Fields
          2. Laurel and Hardy
          3. Charlie Chaplin
          4. Will Rogers
          5. Marx Brothers
        80. Musicals
          1. Gold Diggers
          1. Ginger Rogers
        81. Reaffirmed Traditional Values
          1. Walt Disney
          2. Frank Capra
        82. Challenged Traditional Values
          1. Mae West
          1. Legion of Decency
        83. The Golden Age of Radio
          1. Music
          1. Bing Crosby
          2. Frank Sinatra
          3. Benny Goodman
        84. Comedy
          1. Bob Hope
          2. Jack Benny
        85. Soap Operas
          1. Mary Noble, Backstage Wife
          2. The Shadow
          3. The Lone Ranger
          4. The Green Hornet
        86. News
          1. FDR's Fireside Chats
          2. Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping
          3. Herb Morrison's 1937 Hindenburg Coverage
          4. The March of Time
          5. Orson Welles' Mercury Theater
          1. 1938 Broadcast of The War of the Worlds
        87. The New Deal and Society, 1933-1938
          1. Rise of Organized Labor
          1. Wagner Act
          2. United Mine Workers
          1. John L. Lewis
        88. American Federation of Labor
          1. "Big Bill" Hutcheson
        89. Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO)
        90. Flint UAW "Sit Down Strike"
        91. "Memorial Day Massacre"
        92. A New Deal for Minorities?
          1. African-Americans
          1. New Deal Failures
          1. Never Demanded Anti-Lynching Law
          2. Did Not Abolish Poll Tax
          3. Programs Accepted and Practiced Discrimination
        93. New Deal Gains
          1. Blacks Received Assistance
          2. EO Banned Discrimination in WPA Projects
          3. PWA Constructed a Integrated Housing Complexes
          4. FSA Helped Relocate Black Families
          5. FDR's "Black Cabinet"
          6. 1936 Democratic Convention Seated Black Delegates
          7. FDR Appointment of First Black Federal Judge - William Hastie
          8. Established Justice Department Civil Rights Division
          9. Eleanor Roosevelt Visit to Black Churches
          10. Marian Anderson's Lincoln Memorial Concert
        94. African Americans Joined Roosevelt Coalition
        95. Shift from Republican to Democratic Party Allegiance
        96. Native Americans
          1. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Reform
          1. John Collier
        97. Indian Reorganization Act
          1. Reversed Dawes General Allotment Act Assimilation Practices
          2. The "Indian New Deal"
          1. Restored Lands to Tribal Ownership
          2. Protected Religious Practices and Culture
          3. Provided for Indian Self-Government
          4. Loaned Money for Economic Development
          5. Expanded Medical and Educational Services
          6. Promoted Gender Equality
        98. Women During the 1930s
          1. Traditional Employment and Wage Discrimination Barriers
          2. New Deal Gains
          1. Employment and Involvement in New Deal Programs
          1. 300,000 Women Worked on CWA Projects
          2. 500,000 Women Employed by WPA
          3. Three-fourths of NRA Codes Provided for Equal Pay
          4. NYA Training Programs for Women
          5. Labor Gains for Garment and Textile Workers
        99. Political Appointments
          1. Frances Perkins
          1. Secretary of Labor
          2. First Woman Cabinet Member
        100. Grace Abbott
          1. Assisted in Writing SSA Welfare Provisions
        101. Eleanor Roosevelt
          1. Central Figure as First Lady
        102. Molly Dewson
          1. Director, Women's Div. of Democratic Party
        103. New Deal Legacies
          1. Transformed Relationship Between People and Federal Government
          1. Size and Scope of Government
          2. New Deal Coalition Altered Distribution of Political Power
        104. Modest Redistribution of Wealth
        105. Failed to Remedy the Fundamental Economic Ills of Society
        106. Had a Profound and Lasting Impact on American Society
          1. Saved Democracy and Capitalism
          2. Many New Deal Programs and Policies Remain Today

          Top



          Chapter 26: War and Society, 1933-1945

          1. America and the World Crisis, 1933-1941
          1. The Gathering Storm
          1. Japan
          1. Seized Manchuria
          2. Panay Incident
        107. Italy
          1. Benito Mussolini's Rise to Power
          2. Invasion of Ethiopia
        108. Germany
          1. Adolph Hitler's Rise to Power
          2. Fuhrer
          3. Nazis
          4. Rhineland
        109. Spain
          1. Civil War
          2. Francisco Franco
          3. Abraham Lincoln Battalion
        110. United States
          1. Secretary of State Cordell Hull
          1. Export-Import Bank
          2. Reciprocal Trade Act
        111. "Good Neighbor" Policy
        112. Walter Millis
          1. Road to War
        113. Gerald P. Nye Committee Report
        114. Depression and Disillusion
        115. The Failure of Neutrality
          1. German Aggression
          1. Lebensraum
          2. Anschluss
          3. Sudetenland
        116. Architects of Appeasement
          1. Neville Chamberlain
          2. Edouard Daladier
        117. The End of Appeasement
          1. Occupation of Czechoslovakia
          2. German-Russian Nonaggression Pact
          3. Invasion of Poland
          4. Blitzkrieg
          5. Invasion of France
          1. Maginot Line
          2. Vichy Government
        118. The 1940 Election Campaign
          1. Republican Party
          1. Wendell Willkie
        119. Democratic Party
          1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
        120. To the Brink
          1. "Lend-Lease" Policy
          2. America First Committee
          1. Charles Lindbergh
          2. Norman Thomas
        121. Atlantic Charter
          1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
          2. Winston Churchill
        122. Troubled Waters
          1. U.S.S. Greer
          2. Kearny
          3. Reuben James
        123. "This Is War"
          1. Tripartite Pact
          2. Hideki Tojo
          3. Pearl Harbor
        124. Fighting a Global War, 1941-1945
          1. The Arsenal of Democracy
          1. War Production Board (WPB)
          1. Donald Nelson
        125. Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply (OPA)
        126. Smith-Connolly Bill
        127. Revenue Acts of 1942 and 1943
        128. War Bond Drives
        129. GIs
        130. The Battle for Europe
          1. Operation TORCH
          1. Dwight D. Eisenhower
          2. Bernard Montgomery
          3. Erwin Rommel
        131. Casablanca Conference
          1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
          2. Winston Churchill
        132. Italy Invasion
          1. George Patton
        133. Tehran Conference
          1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
          2. Winston Churchill
          3. Josef Stalin
        134. "D-Day"
          1. Operation Overlord
          1. Omaha Beach
        135. Paris Liberated
        136. Battle of the Bulge
        137. Hitler's "Final Solution"
          1. Kristallnacht
          2. Holocaust
          3. Concentration Camps
        138. U.S. Reaction
          1. St. Louis Incident
          2. Breckinridge Long
          3. War Refugee Board
        139. Wartime Politics
          1. 1944 Election
          1. Republican Party
          1. Thomas Dewey
          2. John W. Bricker
        140. Democratic Party
          1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
          2. Harry S. Truman</li>
        141. The Yalta Conference
          1. Big Three
          1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
          2. Winston Churchill
          3. Josef Stalin
        142. Soviet Promise to Declare War on Japan
        143. Plans for a United Nations Conference
        144. Allies Seize Berlin
        145. War and National Culture, 1941-1945
          1. Propaganda and Popular Culture
          1. Office of Censorship
          2. Office of War Information (OWI)
          1. Elmer Davis
        146. Wartime News
          1. Edward R. Murrow
          2. Howard K. Smith
        147. Combat Films
        148. Patriotic Music
          1. Kate Smith
          2. Irving Berlin
        149. Comic-Book Patriotism
          1. Captain Midnight
          2. Superman
        150. Japanese Internment
          1. Executive Order 9066
          2. Korematsu v. U.S.
          3. 1988 Reparations
        151. The Breakdown of Provincialism
          1. Reduction of Regional Economic Uniqueness
          2. Increased Geographic Mobility
        152. Rosie the Riveter
          1. Women in the Workforce
          2. Women in the Home
        153. The War for Racial Equality
          1. W.E.B. DuBois
          1. "Struggle for Democracy"
        154. Segregated Military
        155. "Double V" Campaign
        156. Philip Randolph's Proposed March
        157. Executive Order 8802
          1. Fair Employment Practices Committee
        158. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
        159. Hispanics
          1. Pachucos
          2. Braceros
        160. Native Americans
        161. Navajo Code Breakers
        162. Victory, 1942-1945
          1. War in the Pacific
          1. Battle of the Coral Sea
          2. Battle of Midway
          3. Admiral Chester Nimitz
          4. "Island-Hopping"
          5. Battle of Leyte Gulf
          1. Kamikazes
        163. Battle of Iwo Jima
        164. The Bomb
          1. Albert Einstein
          2. "Manhattan Project"
          1. J. Robert Oppenheimer
        165. Enola Gay
        166. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
        167. The Legacy of War
          1. War Losses
          2. Increased Size and Scope of Government Power
          3. Increase in Government Spending
          4. Altered Global Balance of Power

          Top



          Chapter 27: The Cold War, 1945-1952

          1. From World War to Cold War, 1945-1949
          1. Roots of the Cold War
          1. Josef Stalin Comes to Power
          2. Joseph E. Davies
          1. Mission to Moscow
        168. European Ideological Battleground
        169. Soviet "Sphere of Influence"
        170. Harry Truman Takes Charge
          1. Harry Truman's Disposition
          2. Confrontation with Vyacheslav Molotov
          3. Potsdam Conference
          1. Josef Stalin
          2. Harry Truman
        171. The Iron Curtain Falls
          1. Secretary of State James Byrnes' Declaration
          2. Atomic Energy Commission
          1. International
          2. U.S.
        172. Winston Churchill
          1. "Iron Curtain" Speech
        173. Senator Arthur Vandenberg
          1. Worldwide Communist Threat
        174. Containing Communism: The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
          1. Marshall Plan
          1. Secretary of State George C. Marshall
          2. Dean Acheson
          3. George Kennan
        175. Economic Aid to Europe
        176. Truman Doctrine
          1. Situation in Turkey and Greece
          2. Truman's Pledge of Support to the "Free World"
        177. Soviets Tighten Control in the East
        178. Communist Information Bureau (Cominform)
          1. Jan Masaryk's Death
        179. National Security Act
          1. Department of Defense
          2. Joint Chiefs of Staff
          3. National Security Council (NSC)
          4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
        180. Mounting Tensions, Precarious Solutions
          1. Creation of "Trizonia"
          2. Berlin Airlift
          3. Brussels Treaty Establishes Collective Self-Defense
          4. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
          1. General Dwight D. Eisenhower
        181. "Protection" of the Western Hemisphere
          1. Rio Treaty
          2. Organization of American States (OAS)
        182. Soviet Response
          1. Creation of the German Democratic Republic
          2. Formation of the Warsaw Pact
        183. U.S. Recognizes Israel's Independence
        184. Debating Containment
          1. Senator Robert Taft
          2. Walter Lippmann
          1. The Cold War
        185. In the Shadow of FDR, 1945-1948
          1. The Economic Shock of Rapid Reconversion
          1. Impact of Demobilization on the Economy
          2. Period of Inflation and Unemployment
          3. Rise in National Debt
          4. 1946 Coal Mine's Strike
          1. John L. Lewis
        186. Harry Truman and the Divided Democrats
          1. Labor-Management Relations Act Passed Over Truman Veto
          2. Henry Wallace Firing
          3. President's Committee on Civil Rights
          1. To Secure These Rights
        187. Executive Order 9981
        188. Smith v. Allwright
        189. The 1948 Election
          1. Republican Party
          1. Thomas E. Dewey
          2. Earl Warren
        190. Democratic Party
          1. Harry Truman
          2. "Fair Deal"
        191. Dixiecrat Party
          1. J. Strom Thurmond
        192. Progressive Party
          1. Henry Wallace
        193. The Vital Center
          1. Fair Deal
          2. Raise in Minimum Wage
          3. "Gospel of Economic Growth"
          4. Social Programs
        194. The Cold War Spreads to Asia
          1. China
          1. Nationalists
          1. Jiang Jieshi
        195. Communists
          1. Mao Zedong
        196. George C. Marshall Trip
        197. Henry Luce's China Lobby
        198. U.S. Occupation of Japan
          1. General Douglas MacArthur
        199. Vietnamese Nationalists
          1. Ho Chi Minh
        200. National Security Council Memorandum 68 (NSC-68)
        201. H-Bomb Test
        202. The Korean War: From Invasion to Stalemate
          1. North Korea
          1. Kim Il Sung
        203. South Korea
          1. Syngman Rhee
        204. Invasion of South Korea
        205. Inchon Invasion
        206. Invasion of North Korea
        207. Chinese Enter the Conflict
        208. The Truman-MacArthur Bout and the Trials of
          1. MacArthur's Criticism of Truman
          2. Truman Relieved MacArthur of Command
        209. Consequences of Korea
          1. Death Toll
          2. Desegregation of the Armed Services
          3. Expansion of Presidential Powers
        210. The Politics of Fear
          1. The Second Red Scare
          1. Amerasia Incident
          2. Executive Order 9835
          1. Federal Employee Loyalty Program
        211. Dennis v U.S.
        212. Chambers-Hiss Affair
          1. Whittaker Chambers
          2. Alger Hiss
          3. Richard Nixon
          4. "Pumpkin Papers"
        213. Klaus Fuchs Arrest
        214. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Execution
        215. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)
          1. "Hollywood Ten"
        216. Internal Security Act of 1950
        217. Joseph McCarthy
          1. Myth of Military Heroism
          2. Wheeling, West Virginia Speech
          3. Millard Tydings' Demise
          4. McCarthyism

          Top



          Chapter 28: The Consumer Society, 1945-1960

          1. The Consumer Revolution
          1. The "Baby Boom" and Rise of Mass Consumption
          1. "Baby Boom" Demographics
          2. Cultural Attitudes Toward Sexuality and Pregnancy
          3. GI Bill
          4. Role of Modern Science
          1. Jonas Salk
        218. Impact of Credit Cards on the Economy
          1. Diner's Club
        219. The Rise of Suburbs
          1. William Levitt
          1. Levittown
        220. Federal Housing Administration
        221. The Changing World of Work
          1. Mark I Computer
          2. Rise of White-Collar Workers
          3. AFL-CIO Merger
          1. George Meany
          2. Walter Reuther
        222. Shaping National Culture, 1945-1960
          1. The Shared Images of Television
          1. Images on Middle-Class Suburban Life
          2. Impact on American Social Habits
          3. Changes in Advertising
          4. Birth of Fads
        223. The Car Culture
          1. Interstate Highway Act
          2. Decay of Public Transportation
          3. Increase in Pollution
          4. Population Shift to the South and West
          5. Motels, Fast Food, and the Travel Industry
        224. Religious Revival
          1. "Under God" in the Pledge
          2. "In God We Trust" on Currency
          3. Fulton J. Sheen
          4. Norman Vincent Peale
          5. Billy Graham
          6. Will Herberg
        225. The Rise of Rock and Roll
          1. Teenager
          2. J.D. Salinger
          1. The Catcher in the Rye
        226. James Dean
          1. Rebel Without a Cause
        227. Dick Clark
          1. American Bandstand
        228. Alan Freed
        229. Bill Haley and the Comets
        230. Elvis Aaron Presley
        231. Little Richard
        232. Antoine "Fats" Domino
        233. Chuck Berry
        234. Mass Culture and Its Critics
          1. David Riesman
          1. The Lonely Crowd
        235. C. Wright Mills
          1. White Collar
        236. Critique of Television
          1. Why Johnny Can't Read
        237. The Politics of Moderation, 1952-1956
          1. "I Like Ike": The Election of 1952
          1. Republican Party
          1. Dwight D. Eisenhower
          2. Richard Nixon
          1. Checkers Speech
        238. Democratic Party
          1. Adlai Stevenson
          2. John Sparkman
        239. "Dynamic Conservatism" at Home
          1. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
          2. Submerged Lands Act
          3. Communist Control Act
          4. Fall of Joseph McCarthy
          1. Joseph Welch
        240. 1956 Election Re-Match
          1. Dwight D. Eisenhower
          2. Adlai Stevenson
        241. The "New Look" Abroad
          1. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles
          2. Policy of "Brinkmanship"
          3. CIA Director Allen Dulles
        242. Rhetoric and Reality of Liberation
          1. Security of Formosa (pdf)
          2. Geneva Conference
          1. President Dwight D. Eisenhower
          2. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev
          3. "Open Skies" Proposal
        243. Soviet Aggression in Hungary
        244. The Threat of Third World Nationalism
          1. Egypt
          1. Gamal Abdel Nasser
          2. Suez Canal Controversy
          3. Israeli Invasion of the Sinai
          4. Eisenhower Doctrine
        245. Vietnam
          1. Ho Chi Minh
          2. Dien Bien Phu
          3. Geneva Accords
          4. Ngo Dinh Diem
          5. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
        246. Guatemala
          1. Jacob Arbenz Guzman
          2. United Fruit Company
          3. CIA's Role
        247. American Ideals and Social Realities
          1. Intellectuals and the Celebration of Consensus
          1. Daniel Bell
          1. The End of Ideology
        248. Daniel Boorstin & Henry Steele Commager
          1. Emphasized Role of Continuity and Consensus in History
        249. John Kenneth Galbraith
          1. "American Capitalism Works"
        250. The New Poverty
          1. Widening Gap Between the Rich and Poor
          2. Migration of Poverty from the Farm to the City
        251. Women During the 1950s
          1. Women in the Workforce
          2. Alfred Kinsey
          1. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
          2. Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
        252. The Struggle for Racial Equality
          1. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
          2. Southern Manifesto
          3. Little Rock Central High School
          1. Orville Faubus
        253. Hispanics
          1. Puerto Rican Migration
          2. American GI Forum
          1. Dr. Hector Perez
        254. Native Americans
          1. Migration to Cities
        255. The Montgomery Bus Boycott
          1. Emmett Till Murder
          2. Rosa Parks's Courage
          3. Martin Luther King, Jr.
        256. The Quest for National Purpose, 1957-1960
          1. Atomic Anxieties
          1. Sputnik Launch
          1. American Response
          1. "Duck and Cover" Drills in Schools
          2. Private Bomb Shelters
          3. Role of Hollywood
        257. Political and Economic Uncertainties
          1. Soviet Downing of an American U-2 Spy Plane
          1. Gary Powers
        258. Cuba
          1. Fulgencio Batistia
          2. Fidel Castro
        259. John Kenneth Galbraith
          1. The Affluent Society
        260. National Defense Education Act (NDEA)
        261. Kennedy and the 1960 Presidential Election
          1. Democratic Party
          1. John F. Kennedy
          1. Profiles in Courage
        262. Lyndon B. Johnson
        263. Republican Party
          1. Richard Nixon
          2. Henry Cabot Lodge
        264. First Televised Presidential Debate

          265. Top



          Chapter 29: Consensus and Confrontation, 1960-1968

          1. The Kennedy Presidency, 1960-1963
          1. JFK and the "New Frontier"
          1. "Camelot" Image
          2. "New Frontier" Vision of Opportunity and Challenge
          3. "The Best and the Brightest"
          1. McGeorge Bundy
          2. Dean Rusk
          3. Robert Kennedy
        265. Area Redevelopment Act
        266. Manpower Retraining Bill
        267. Doubled NASA Budget
        268. Revenue Act
        269. New Frontiers Abroad
          1. "Flexible Response"
          1. Increase in Strategic and Tactical Nuclear Capability
          2. Establish Agency for International Development (AID)
          3. Establish Jungle Warfare School
        270. Escalating Tensions: Cuba and Berlin
          1. Cuba
          1. Bay of Pigs
        271. Berlin
          1. Construction of the Berlin Wall
        272. The Cuban Missile Crisis
          1. Role of Attorney General Robert Kennedy
          2. Role of Secretary of State Dean Rusk
          3. U.S. Naval Quarantine of Cuba
          4. U.S.-Soviet Naval Showdown
          5. Krushchev Blinks
          6. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
        273. JFK and Vietnam
          1. Ngo Dinh Diem's South Vietnamese Government
          2. Ho Chi Minh's North Vietnamese Government
          1. National Liberation Front (NLF) or Vietcong
        274. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Lyman L. Lemnitzer
        275. Undersecretary of State George Ball
        276. Fall of Diem
        277. The New Liberal Experiment, 1963-1966
          1. Lyndon Johnson and the War on Poverty
          1. Warren Commission Report
          2. Lyndon Baines Johnson
          3. JFK Tax Package Passed
          4. Michael Harrington
          1. The Other America
        278. Walter Heller
          1. Council of Economic Advisors
        279. Economic Opportunity Act
          1. Head Start
          2. Job Corps
          3. VISTA
          4. Office of Economic Opportunity
          1. R. Sargent Shriver
        280. The 1964 Election and the Great Society
          1. Election
          1. Republican Party
          1. Barry Goldwater
        281. Democratic Party
          1. Lyndon Johnson
          2. Hubert Humphrey
        282. "Great Society"
          1. Medicare
          2. Medicaid
          3. Elementary and Secondary Education Act
          4. Immigration Act of 1965
          5. Wilderness Act
          6. Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
          1. Lady Bird Johnson
        283. The Reforms of the Warren Court
          1. Engel v. Vitale
          2. Griswold v. Connecticut
          3. Reynolds v. Sims
          4. Gideon v. Wainwright
          5. Escobedo v. Illinois
          6. Miranda v. Arizona
        284. Protest, Politics, and Racial Equality
          1. The Movement Spreads
          1. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
          1. Sit-In Movement
        285. Congress of Racial Equality
          1. "Freedom Riders"
        286. Albany Campaign
        287. James Meredith's Admission to the University of Mississippi
        288. "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
          1. Martin Luther King, Jr.
        289. Alabama Governor George Wallace Standing in Doorway
        290. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
          1. March on Washington
          2. King's "I Have a Dream" Speech
          3. Role of Lyndon Johnson
        291. Gaining Political Power
          1. SNCC Voting Rights Campaign
          2. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
          1. Fannie LouHamer
        292. Death of Jimmie Lee Jackson
        293. Selma to Montgomery March
        294. Voting Rights Act of 1965
        295. Vietnam: Containment and Tragedy
          1. The Decision to Escalate
          1. Tonkin Gulf Resolution
          1. C. Turner Joy
          2. Maddox
        296. Operation Rolling Thunder
        297. Role of Undersecretary of State George Ball
        298. Role of Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara
        299. America's War
          1. General William Westmoreland
          2. "Search and Destroy" Mission
          3. Ho Chi Minh Trail
        300. The Soldier's War
          1. Soldier's Average Age of Nineteen
          2. African American Troops
          3. "Body Count"
          4. My Lai
          1. Lt. William L. Calley
        301. Challenging the Consensus, 1960-1967
          1. The Youth Culture
          1. Jack Kerouac
          1. On the Road
          2. Beat
        302. Allen Ginsberg
          1. Howl
        303. Counterculture Movement
        304. Timothy Leary
          1. "Tune In, Turn On, Drop Out"
        305. Music
          1. Bob Dylan
          2. The Beatles
          3. Rolling Stones
        306. New Left, New Right
          1. New Left
          1. Students for a Democratic Society
          1. The Port Huron Statement
        307. Free Speech Movement
          1. Mario Savio
        308. New Right
          1. Young Americans for Freedom
          1. William F. Buckley
        309. Libertarians
        310. Black Power, White Backlash
          1. Watts Riot
          2. "Long Hot Summers"
          3. National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
          4. "Black Power"
          1. Stokely Carmichael
        311. Malcolm X
        312. The Antiwar Movement
          1. Anti-Vietnam War Teach-In
          2. Elite Private Colleges and Large State Universities
          3. Anti-War Figures
          1. J.W. Fulbright
          2. George Kennan
          3. Martin Luther King, Jr.
        313. The Watershed Year, 1968
          1. Johnson Under Assault
          1. Tet Offensive
          2. Eugene McCarthy's Challenge
          3. Drop in Public Support for the Vietnam War
          4. Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassination
          1. James Earl Ray
        314. Robert Kennedy Assassination
          1. Sirhan Sirhan
        315. The Democratic Convention
          1. Hubert Humphrey
          2. Edmund Muskie
          3. Antiwar Protests
          4. Police Riot
        316. The Center Holds: The Election of 1968
          1. Democratic Party
          1. Hubert Humphrey
        317. Republican Party
          1. Richard Nixon
        318. American Independent Party
          1. George Wallace

          Top



          Chapter 30: The Politics of Polarization, 1969-1979

          1. Experiments in Peacemaking, 1969-1974
          1. Nixon's War
          1. National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger
          2. Secretary of State William Rogers
          3. Realpolitik
          4. Vietnamization
          5. "Madman Theory"
          1. Operation Menu
        319. Cambodia
          1. U.S. Military Invasion
          2. Khmer Rouge Seize Control
        320. Kent State University Incident
        321. The Pentagon Papers
          1. Daniel Ellsberg
        322. Peace With Honor?
          1. Paris Peace Talks
          1. Le Duc Tho
          2. Henry Kissinger
        323. Operation Linebacker II
        324. Nguyen Van Thieu
        325. Paris Peace Accords
        326. Fall of Saigon
        327. Detente
          1. New Foreign Policy Initiative
          2. Soviet Leader Leonid Brezhnev's Problems
          3. Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai Joint Communique
          4. U.S. - Soviet Union "Basic Principles"
          5. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
        328. The Limits of Realism
          1. Iran
          1. U.S. Arms Sales to the Shah
        329. Philippines
          1. U.S. Aid to Ferdinand Marcos
        330. Chile
          1. U.S. Supported Overthrow of Salvador Allende Government
          2. Bring to Power Augusto Pinochet
        331. Middle East
          1. Six-Day War
          2. Yom Kippur War
          3. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
          4. "Shuttle Diplomacy"
        332. Richard Nixon and the Two Americas, 1969-1974
          1. The Search for Stability at Home
          1. "Silent Majority"
          2. Richard Nixon's Progressivism
          1. Family Assistance Plan (FAP) Proposal
        333. "New Federalism"
          1. State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act
        334. Apollo 11 Moon Landing
          1. Neil Armstrong
          2. Buzz Aldrin
        335. Mobilizing the "Silent Majority"
          1. Suppress Student Protestors
          1. Mayor John Lindsay
        336. Woo Former Wallace Voters
        337. Delay of Desegregation Cases
        338. Prosecution of the Chicago Eight
        339. Appointment of Conservative Justices
          1. Warren Burger
          2. Clement Haynsworth
          3. G. Harrold Carswell
        340. Unleashing of Spiro Agnew
        341. The 1972 Election
          1. Democratic Party
          1. George McGovern
        342. Republican Party
          1. Richard Nixon
        343. The Watergate Crisis
          1. Watergate Break-In
          1. James McCord
          2. Committee to Re-elect the President (CREEP)
          3. Judge John Sirica
        344. Senate Hearings
          1. Senator Sam Ervin
          2. "The Plumbers"
          3. White House Counsel John Dean
          4. Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox
          5. Attorney General Elliot Richardson
        345. "Saturday Night Massacre"
        346. Vice President Sprio Agnew's Resignation
        347. Supreme Court Orders Nixon to Turn Over the Tapes
        348. President Richard Nixon's Resignation
        349. Old Values, New Realities, 1970-1979
          1. African Americans: Action Without Affirmation
          1. School Busing Desegregation Plan
          1. Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
          2. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
        350. Bakke v. University of California
          1. Allan Bakke
        351. Milliken v. Bradley
        352. Voice of Protest: Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Americans
          1. Hispanics
          1. Cesar Chavez
          1. United Farm Workers (UFW)
        353. Chicano
        354. Native Americans
          1. American Indian Movement (AIM)
          2. Occupation of Wounded Knee
        355. Asian Americans
          1. Increased Immigration
          2. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Citizens
        356. Modern Gay Rights Movement
          1. Gay-Rights Organizations
          1. Mattachine Society
          2. Daughters of Bilitis
        357. Stonewall Inn Raid
        358. Women's Liberation
          1. Betty Friedan
          1. The Feminine Mystique
        359. National Organization for Women (NOW)
        360. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
        361. Title IX of the Higher Education Act
        362. Roe v. Wade
        363. Phyllis Schlafly's Conservative Campaign
        364. "Feminization of Poverty"
        365. The Me Decade
          1. Looking Out for #1
          2. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church
          3. Pop Culture
          1. Village People
          2. Disco
          3. Roots
          4. All in the Family
          5. The Deer Hunter
        366. The Age of Limits, 1974-1979
          1. Congressional Resurgence and Public Mistrust
          1. War Powers Act
          2. Budget and Impoundment Control Act
          3. Federal Election Campaign Act
        367. The Troubled Economy
          1. Oil Crisis
          2. Emergence of Stagflation
        368. The Environmental Movement
          1. Rachel Carson
          1. Silent Spring
        369. Three Mile Island Accident
        370. Love Canal Affair
        371. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
        372. Creation of the Environmental Protection Agency
        373. Water Quality Improvement Act
        374. National Air Quality Standards Act
        375. Resource Recovery Act
        376. National Environmental Policy Act
        377. The Vacuum of Leadership: Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter
          1. President Ford's Pardon of Richard Nixon
          2. Chronic Economic Problems
          3. 1976 Election
          1. Democratic Party
          1. Jimmy Carter
          2. Walter Mondale
        378. Republican Party
          1. Gerald Ford
        379. Jimmy Carter and the "Crisis of Confidence"
          1. OPEC Increase in Oil Prices
          2. Role of Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker
          3. Critical of South African Apartheid
          4. Panama Canal Treaty
          5. SALT II
        380. 1979: The Year of Crisis
          1. Camp David Accords
          2. Iranian Hostage Crisis
          1. Ayatollah Khomeini
        381. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
          1. Boycott of Upcoming Olympics

          Top



          Chapter 31: The Reagan Experiment, 1979-1988

          1. The Conservative Revival, 1979-1980
          1. The Roots of Modern Conservatism
          1. Role of Televangelists
          1. Jerry Falwell
          2. Jim Bakker
          3. Pat Robertson
          4. Establishment of the Moral Majority
        382. The Tax Revolt
          1. California Proposition 13
          2. Kemp-Roth Tax Bill
          3. Emergence of Supply-Side Economics
          1. Arthur Laffer
        383. Neoconservatives
        384. The 1980 Presidential Campaign
          1. Democratic Party
          1. Jimmy Carter Re-Election Bid
          2. Edward Kennedy Challenge (pdf)
        385. Republican Party
          1. Ronald Reagan
          2. George Bush
        386. Independent Party
          1. John Anderson
        387. The Culture Wars, 1980-1988
          1. The Politics of Family Values
          1. White House Task Force Report on the Family
          2. Call for Return to "Traditional Values"
          3. Establishment of Countergroup, the People for the American Way
          1. Norman Lear
        388. Abortion
          1. Roe v. Wade
          2. Planned Parenthood
          1. Faye Wattleton
        389. The Silent Scream Produced
        390. Gay Rights and the AIDS Crisis
          1. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Virus Identified
          2. ACT UP Founded
          3. Larry Kramer
          1. The Normal Heart
        391. Randy Shilts
          1. And the Band Played On
        392. American Identities
          1. Record Immigration During the 1980s
          2. "English-Only" Movement
          3. Allan Bloom
          1. The Closing of the American Mind
        393. The Reagan Presidency, 1980-1988
          1. The Reagan Agenda
          1. Ronald Reagan
          2. Reagan's Conservative Credentials
          3. Supply-Side Economic Program
          4. Role of Nancy Reagan
          5. Assassination Attempt
        394. Attacking the Liberal State
          1. Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt
          2. Undermining of National Safety Standards
          3. Savings and Loan Crisis
          1. Charles Keating
        395. Reagan Justice
          1. Appointment of Sandra Day O'Connor
          2. William Rehnquist Made Chief Justice
          3. Appointment of Antonin Scalia
          4. Failed Robert Bork Appointment
          5. Wards Cove v. Atonio
        396. The 1984 Presidential Campaign
          1. Democratic Party
          1. Walter Mondale
          2. Geraldine Ferraro
        397. Republican Party
          1. Ronald Reagan
        398. Reagan and the Cold War, 1980-1988
          1. Fighting the "Evil Empire"
          1. Secretary of State George Shultz
          2. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger
          3. National Security Advisor Richard Allen
          4. United Nations Ambassador Jeanne Kirkpatrick
        399. The Escalating Arms Race
          1. Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Talks
          1. "Zero Option"
        400. Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START)
        401. Soviet Downing of a Korean Airlines Plane
          1. "Evil Empire"
        402. Reagan Unveils His Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
          1. "Star Wars"
        403. Mikhail Gorbachev Assumes Power in the Soviet Union
          1. Perestroika
          2. Glasnost
        404. Reagan-Gorbachev Summits
          1. Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty
        405. Central America
          1. El Salvador
          1. Government "Death Squads"
          2. Leftist Guerrillas
          3. Reagan Support for Government
          4. Election of Jose Napoleon Duarte
        406. Nicaragua
          1. Anastasio Somoza Ousted
          2. Marxist-led Sandinistas in Power
          3. Reagan Supported Contras
          4. Boland Amendment
        407. Grenada
          1. U.S. Military Invasion
        408. The Iran-Contra Scandal
          1. Bombing of a U.S. Marine Barracks in Lebanon
          2. Bombing of a Berlin Nightclub
          3. U.S. Air Raid on Muammar Qaddafi
          4. Downing of a Pan Am Jet Over Lockerbie, Scotland
          5. Iran-Contra Affair
            National Security Adviser Robert McFarlane
          1. CIA Director William Casey
          2. NSC Aide LTC Oliver North
          3. Independent Counsel Lawrence E. Walsh
          4. National Security Official John Poindexter
          5. Wealth and Poverty in Reagan's America, 1980-1988
            1. The Money Culture
            1. Wall Street Merger Mania
            2. Wall Street Scandals
            1. Insider Trading
            1. Ivan Boesky
          6. Rigged Bond Market Scheme
            1. Michael Milken
          7. Yuppies' Pursuit of Wealth and Happiness
          8. The MTV Generation
            1. Impact of Cable Television
            2. Rearrangement of American Culture into Niches
          9. The Hourglass Society
            1. How the Rich Got Richer
            1. Doubled Number of Millionaires
          10. Why the Poor Got Poorer
            1. "Feminization of Poverty"
          11. The New Economy
              1. Low-Pay Service Economy
              2. Decline of the Welfare State
              3. Decline of Labor Unions
              1. Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization's (PATCO) Strike
            1. The Reagan Legacy
              1. Pushed Soviets to Bargaining Table
              1. Major Role in Ending Cold War
            2. Ballooning Federal Deficit
            3. Skillful Use of Television by the President

              4. Top



              Chapter 32: America After the Cold War, 1988-2000

              1. The Post-Cold War Experiment, 1988-1992
              1. The Search for Reagan's Successor
              1. Republicans
              1. George Bush
              2. Dan Quayle
            4. Democrats
            5. Michael Dukakis
            6. Lloyd Bentsen
            7. 1989: "The Year of Miracles"
              1. Poland
              1. Lech Walesa
            8. Hungary
            9. Czechoslovakia
              1. Velvet Revolution
              2. Vaclav Havel
            10. Soviet Union
              1. Gorbachev
              2. Boris Yeltsin
              3. Commonwealth of Independent States
            11. Fall of the Berlin Wall
            12. SALT II Agreements
            13. The New World Order
              1. South Africa
              1. F. W. de Klerk
              2. End to Apartheid
              3. Nelson Mandela
            14. Demise of Authoritarian Regimes
              1. Augusto Pinochet
              2. Daniel Ortega
              3. Manuel Noriega
              1. Operation Just Cause
            15. Middle East
              1. Yasir Arafat
              2. Yitzhak Rabin
              3. James A. Baker III
            16. China, Tiananmen Square
            17. War with Iraq
              1. Iraq
              1. Saddam Hussein
            18. Invasion of Kuwait
            19. President George Bush
            20. United Nations Security Council
            21. General H. Norman Schwarzkopf
            22. Problems on the Home Front
              1. "No New Taxes" Pledge
              2. Federal Deficit
              3. Americans with Disabilities Act
              4. "The Environmental President"
              1. Exxon Valdez
              2. Rio de Janeiro "Earth Summit"
              3. Clean Air Act
            23. Abortion Issue
              1. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
            24. Clarence Thomas
              1. Anita Hill
            25. Los Angeles Riot
              1. Rodney King
            26. 1992 Presidential Campaign
              1. Republican Party
              1. George Bush
              2. Patrick Buchanan
            27. Democratic Party
              1. Bill Clinton
              2. Al Gore
              3. "It's the Economy, Stupid"
            28. Reform Party
              1. Ross Perot
            29. The Clinton Administration, 1992-2000
              1. The Clinton Agenda
              2. Hillary Rodham Clinton
              3. Deficit Reduction
              4. "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy
              5. Health Care Proposal
              6. "Whitewater" Scandal
              7. Winning a Second Term: The 1996 Campaign
              1. "Contract with America"
              1. Newt Gingrich
            30. Republican Party
              1. Robert Dole
              1. Jack Kemp
            31. Democratic Party
              1. Bill Clinton
              2. "Triangulation"
            32. Reform Party
              1. Ross Perot
            33. Impeachment
              1. Monica Lewinsky
              2. Kenneth Starr
              3. Newt Gingrich
              4. Robert Livingston
            34. The 2000 Presidential Election
              1. Republican Party
              1. George W. Bush
              2. Richard Cheney
              3. John McCain
            35. Democratic Party
              1. Al Gore
              2. Joseph Lieberman
            36. Green Party
              1. Ralph Nader
            37. Disputed Votes in Florida
              1. Bush v. Gore
            38. Globalization and Its Discontents
              1. The Communications Revolution
              1. Computers
              1. ENIAC
              2. Personal Computer (PC)
              3. Steve Wozniak
              1. Apple I Computer
            39. Internet
              1. World Wide Web
            40. Silicon Valley Market Value
            41. The New Global Marketplace
              1. North American Free Trade Agreement
              2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
            42. The New Internationalism
              1. Somalia
              1. Failed Humanitarian Effort
            43. Haiti
              1. Brought About Return of Democratically Elected Government
            44. Former Yugoslavia
              1. Slobodan Milosevic
              2. "Ethnic Cleansing"
              3. Role of NATO
            45. Globalization and Its Critics
              1. World Trade Organization Protests
              2. Cheap Third World Labor
            46. Global Terror
              1. Islamic Fundamentalists
              2. 1993 World Trade Center Bombing
              3. Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda
              4. USS Cole Attack
              5. Oklahoma City Bombing
              1. Timothy McVeigh
            47. Social Tensions in the Nineties
              1. Sex, Violence, and the Debate Over Popular Culture
              1. Television
              1. New Networks
              2. Sex and Violence Sells
            48. Columbine High School Shooting
            49. Hip-Hop Nation
              1. African-American Artists
              1. Doctor Dre
              2. Public Enemy
            50. Controversial Lyrics
            51. Hollywood Artists
              1. Ice Cube
              2. Queen Latifah
              3. Will Smith
            52. The Many Shades of Color in America
              1. O.J. Simpson Trial
              1. Nicole Brown
              2. Ronald Goldman
            53. Rising Hispanic Population
            54. Asian-American Undergraduate Population

              55. Top



              Chapter 33: Epilogue: The Challenges of the New Century

              1. September 11, 2001
              1. Terrorist Attacks
              1. World Trade Center Towers
              2. Pentagon
              3. Western Pennsylvania
              1. Intended Target? Capital or White House
            55. Bloodiest Day on American Soil Since Antietam
            56. Osama bin Laden? Terrorist Plan Mastermind
            57. U.S. Response
              1. Attack on Taliban Government of Afghanistan
              2. Taliban Surrender on December 6, 2001
            58. War with Iraq
              1. Operation Iraqi Freedom
              1. Military Campaign Launched on March 19, 2003
              1. "Shock and Awe"
            59. Search for Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs)
              1. Weapons Inspector David Kay
              1. Reported No WMDs found in Iraq
            60. Capture Saddam Hussein on December 13, 2003
              1. Tikrit "Spider's Hole"
            61. High U.S. Casualty Rate
            62. Widespread European Opposition to the War
            63. President George W. Bush Foreign Policy
              1. Abandoned Kyoto Protocol
              1. Required Nations to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
            64. Withdrew from Missile Treaty with Russia
              1. Wanted to Expand Strategic Defense
              2. Initiative Defense System Research
            65. Increased Defense Spending
            66. The Home Front
              1. Legislative Agenda
              1. Ten-Year Tax-Cut Package
              1. Largest Reduction Since 1981
            67. Expansion of Federal Power
              1. Largest Expansion Since LBJ's Great Society
              2. Creation of Department of Homeland Security
              1. Included Employees from Eight Cabinet Departments
              2. Largest Reorganization Since 1947 National Security Act
            68. Added New Entitlement to Medicare
              1. Prescription Drug Coverage
            69. Turned $236 Billion Budget Surplus Into $400 Billion Annual Deficit
            70. Attorney General John Ashcroft
              1. FBI Arrested Over 1,000 "Sleeper Agent" Suspects
              2. Civil Liberties Concerns
            71. Globalization
              1. Outsourcing "Knowledge Work" Abroad
              2. Global Communications via Internet and High-Speed Data Networks
              3. Rogue Corporate Managers Cost Shareholders $460 Billion
              1. Enron, et al.

              Top



              BORDER=0
              BORDER="0"