1. Look at the table titled "The Duration of Republican Rule in the Ex-Confederate States" on page 504 in the textbook.
   1. For how many years on average did Republicans control the governments of the ex-Confederate states?
   2. Can you explain why Republican rule lasted less than a decade in every one of them?
   3. Which state was readmitted to the Union before the start of congressional Reconstruction? After reading the chapter, can you explain why?
   4. In what three states did Republicans hold power the longest? Can you explain what brought about the return of the Democrats to power in those three states?
2. Look at the table titled "Percentage of Persons Unable to Write by Age Group, 1870-1890, in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana" on page 496 of the textbook.
   1. What percentage of whites in each age group were unable to write in 1870? After reading the textbook, can you explain why these figures are so high?
   2. Did the educational levels of whites improve by 1890? Can you explain why it did or did not?
   3. Was the educational level of blacks higher or lower than that of whites in 1870? What about 1890? How might a critic of Republican Reconstruction of the South use these figures?
   4. After reading the text, can you explain the reasons for the differences between whites and blacks?