(1872), legal dispute involving demands by the United States for reparations from Great Britain for shipping losses inflicted by British-built Confederate ships (called raiders), including Alabama, during the
Civil War. The United States charged that British aid in building the raiders had violated international law and neutrality. An international tribunal convened in Geneva, Switzerland (1871-72), and awarded the United States $15.5 million. Diplomat
Charles Francis Adams represented the United States in the arbitrations.
