This exercise is at the core of Richard Lanham's
Revising Prose, a book I highly recommend. The method takes
writers into a sentence to consider how it is composed, to identify
its weak elements, and to revise it to eliminate those elements. Not
all sentences can be improved with this method, but many can. For
homework, find any four sentences which can be improved by using the
Paramedic Method; write them down on a sheet of paper, then improve
them. A five dollar prize goes to the most atrocious sentence;
students can write their own bad sentences.
- Circle the prepositions.
- Circle the "is" forms (is, was, were, are).
- Ask, "Where is the action?"; "Who's kicking who?"
- Put this "kicking" action in a simple (not compound) active
verb.
- Start fast--no slow windups.
As an example, here's a sentence:
The car is on display in the museum next to the picture of
James Dean because it is the same kind of car he was driving
when he was killed in the car crash.
Because there is no HTML code for making circles around words,
I'll make the "is" forms bold and put a line break for each
preposition.
The car is
on display
in the museum
next to the picture
of James Dean
because it is the same kind
of car
he was driving
when he was killed
in the car
crash.
This approximates steps one and two. The question now is,
"Where's the action?" The sentences buries one point of action in
the prepositional phrase 'on display', and two others with the use
of compound verbs in passive form: was driving and was
killed. To bring that action to the front, and to start fast,
the following sentence can stand as a rewrite.
The museum displayed--next to his picture--the same model of
car James Dean crashed and died in.
A stickler might object to the sentence ending in a
preposition, but to my ear the sentence reads better, sounds
better, than the first version, and even better than the
technically correct option that would remove the preposition from
the end: The museum displayed--next to his picture--the same model
of car in which James Dean crashed and died.
As with many examples, you can no doubt find a better way of
rewriting the sentence. Feel free to try, but if you do, make it
your fifth example.