Persons often describe and define themselves (or their communities and cultures) in terms of difference (in terms of what they are not). Otherness is the construction of difference in such a way that the other is excluded, is regarded as not quite normal, and is less central to reality. The concept of otherness brings up questions about inclusion and exclusion in the formation of communities. Who are the outsiders and insiders? What are the power relations between the self and other?

In Beyond Borders:  See Robert Berkhofer, Jr., "The White Man's Indian"; and Peter Marin, "Helping and Hating the Homeless."

In Beyond Borders Online:  See Web Research Activities, "Identity in Cyberspace."

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