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Chapter 11 covers the following topics:

11.1 Solution Composition

11.2 The Energies of Solution Formation

11.3 Factors Affecting Solubility

• Structure Effects
• Pressure effects
• Temperature Effects (for Aqueous Solutions)

11.4 The Vapor Pressures of Solutions

• Nonideal Solutions

11.5 Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression

• Boiling-Point Elevation
• Freezing-Point Depression

11.6 Osmotic Pressure

• Reverse Osmosis

11.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions

11.8 Colloids