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I. Motivation and Employee Performance

II. The Evolution of Job Design

A. Job Specialization
B. Early Alternatives to Job Specialization

1. Job Rotation
2. Job Enlargement

C. Job Enrichment

III. The Job Characteristics Approach

A. The Job Characteristics Theory
B. Social Information and Job Design

IV. Participation, Empowerment, and Motivation

A. Early Perspectives on Participation and Empowerment
B. Areas of Participation
C. Techniques and Issues in Empowerment

V. Alternative Work Arrangements

A. Variable Work Schedules
B. Flexible Work Schedules
C. Job Sharing
D. Telecommuting