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accommodation Occurs when the parties' goals are compatible and the interaction between groups is relatively unimportant to the goals' attainment.
affinity group Collections of employees from the same level in the organization who meet on a regular basis to share information, capture emerging opportunities, and solve problems.
avoidance (negative reinforcement) The opportunity to avoid or escape from an unpleasant circumstance after exhibiting behavior. Avoidance occurs when the interacting parties' goals are incompatible and the interaction between groups is relatively unimportant to the attainment of the goals.
collaboration Occurs when the interaction between groups is very important to goal attainment and the goals are compatible.
command group A relatively permanent, formal group with functional reporting relationships; usually included in the organization chart.
communication and decision-making The stage of group development where members discuss their feelings more openly and agree on group goals and individual roles in the group.
competition Occurs when the goals are incompatible and the interactions between groups are important to meeting goals.
compromise Occurs when the interaction is moderately important to meeting goals and the goals are neither completely compatible nor completely incompatible.
conflict A disagreement among parties. It has both positive and negative characteristics.
conflict resolution Occurs when a manager resolves a conflict that has become harmful or serious.
conflict stimulation The creation and constructive use of conflict by a manager.
control and organization The stage of group development where the group is mature; members work together and are flexible, adaptive, and self-correcting.
formal group Formed by an organization to do its work.
friendship group A group that is relatively permanent and informal and draws its benefits from the social relationships among its members.
goal compatibility The extent to which the goals of more than one person or group can be achieved at the same time.
group Two or more people who interact with one another such that each person influences and is influenced by each other person.
group cohesiveness The extent to which a group is committed to staying together.
group composition The degree of similarity or difference among group members on factors important to the group's work.
group performance factors Composition, size, norms, and cohesiveness. They affect the success of the group in fulfilling its goals.
group size The number of members of the group; it affects the number of resources available to perform the task.
groupthink Occurs when a group's overriding concern is a unanimous decision rather than critical analysis of alternatives.
informal group A group that is established by its members.
interest group A group that is relatively temporary and informal and is organized around a common activity or interest of its members.
linking role A position for a person or group that serves to coordinate the activities of two or more organizational groups.
motivation and productivity The stage of group development in which members cooperate, help each other, and work toward accomplishing tasks.
mutual acceptance The stage of group development that is characterized by members sharing information about themselves and getting to know each other.
norm A standard against which the appropriateness of a behavior is judged.
social loafing The tendency of some members of groups to put forth less effort in a group than they would when working alone.
superordinate goal An organizational goal that is more important to the well-being of the organization and its members than the more specific goals of interacting parties.
task group A relatively temporary, formal group established to do a specific task.