I. Overview

II. Technical Standards and Format Wars

1. Examples of Standards
2. Benefits of Standards
3. Establishment of Standards
4. Network Effects, Positive Feedback, and Lockout

III. Strategies for Winning a Format War

1. Ensure a Supply of Complements
2. Leverage Killer Applications
3. Aggressively Price and Market
4. Cooperate with Competitors
5. Licensing the Format

IV. Costs in High-Technology Industries

1. Comparative Cost Economics
2. Strategic Significance

V. Managing Intellectual Property Rights

1. Intellectual Property Rights
2. Digitalization and Piracy Rates
3. Strategies for Managing Digital Rights

VI. Capturing First-Mover Advantages

1. First-Mover Advantages
2. First-Mover Disadvantages
3. Strategies for Exploiting First-Mover Advantages
   1. Complementary Assets
   2. Height of Barriers to Imitation
   3. Capable Competitors
   4. Three Innovation Strategies

VII. Technological Paradigm Shifts

1. Paradigm Shifts and the Decline of Established Companies
   1. The Natural Limits to Technology
   2. Disruptive Technology
2. Strategic Implications for Established Companies
3. Strategic Implications for New Entrants