THE ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZING

DESIGNING JOBS

• Job Specialization
• Benefits and Limitations of Specialization
• Alternatives to Specialization

GROUPING JOBS: DEPARTMENTALIZATION

• Rationale for Departmentalization
• Common Bases for Departmentalization

ESTABLISHING REPORTING RELATIONSHIPS

• Chain of Command
• Narrow Versus Wide Spans
• Tall Versus Flat Organizations
• Determining the Appropriate Span

DISTRIBUTING AUTHORITY

• The Delegation Process
• Decentralization and Centralization

COORDINATING ACTIVITIES

• The Need for Coordination
• Structural Coordination Techniques
• Electronic Coordination

DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN POSITIONS

• Differences Between Line and Staff
• Administrative Intensity