The Elements of Organizing

Designing Jobs

Job Specialization
Benefits and Limitations of Specialization
Alternatives to Specialization

Grouping Jobs: Departmentalization

Rationale for Departmentalization
Common Bases for Departmentalization

Establishing Reporting Relationships

Chain of Command
Narrow Versus Wide Spans
Tall Versus Flat Organizations
Determining the Appropriate Span

Distributing Authority

The Delegation Process
Decentralization and Centralization

Coordinating Activities

The Need for Coordination
Structural Coordination Techniques

Differentiating Between Positions

Differences Between Line and Staff
Administrative Intensity