The Nature of Motivation

Content Perspectives on Motivation

The Need Hierarchy Approach
The Two-Factor Theory
Individual Human Needs

Process Perspectives on Motivation

Expectancy Theory
Equity Theory
Goal-Setting Theory

Reinforcement Perspectives on Motivation

Kinds of Reinforcement in Organizations
Providing Reinforcement in Organizations

Popular Motivational Strategies

Empowerment and Participation
New Forms of Working Arrangements

Using Reward Systems to Motivate Performance

Effects of Organizational Rewards
Designing Effective Reward Systems
Popular Approaches to Rewarding Employees