After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

• Describe how organizations can assist employees with career planning and describe recent changes in career paths.
• Discuss how retirement affects organizations and individuals.
• Examine the process of turnover, including the models used to understand it.
• Explain the costs and benefits associated with turnover.
• Describe effective retention strategies.
• Examine the strategic implications of involuntary turnover.
• Describe the concept of employment-at-will and its current legal status.
• Describe the planning of organizational reductions in force.
• Describe the functions of outplacement programs and activities.
• Describe how organizations might manage retrenchments and lay offs.